370 Reports and Proceedings. 
Whitlingham, by the Secretary, Mr. Tartor. The Lower Drift, in 
the neighbourhood of Norwich, is often accompanied by a stratum 
of pebbles cemented together by oxide of iron and manganese, and 
known by the local name of ‘Tron Pan.’ It is to be seen im several 
places near Thorpe, at Trowse, and at Whitlingham. Its presence 
on the higher grounds on each side of the river shows that it once 
covered the area of the valley, prior to the scooping out of the latter. 
The bed of shells at Whitlingham rests tmmediately beneath this 
‘Tron Pan’ stratum, and is about + feet in thickness. The posi- 
tion of the Whitlingham shell-bed is about in the middle of the 
Lower Drift. The shells are in every degree of individual age, 
proving that they lived, bred, and died on the spot; many of them 
are very fragile, and could not have stood the rough usage of re- 
deposition. The most plentiful shell is the common Cockle (Car- 
dium edule), the next the common Tellina, also in various stages of 
growth. The common Mussel (Mytilus edulis) also occurs in 
great quantities. Among the rest were the following :— Turritella 
communis, fragments of Cyprina Islandica, Mya, Mactra, Littorina, 
Venus, and Astarte. 
Singularly enough, these shells betoken a cold climate; but the 
abundance of individuals of species now living in British seas 
would argue for the Celtic character of the mollusca, were there no 
other facts. The author also obtained two specimens of Cardium 
Grenlandium—a decidedly Arctic type. Astarte borealis, another 
northern shell, is also common. In addition to these may be men- 
tioned a species of Venus, Cyprina Islandica, and Mya arenaria, 
all of them more or less of an Arctic type, and now living in the 
cold seas of the far north. 
The Rev. Joun Gunn, F.G.S., then read a paper On the Dip of 
the Chalk in Norfolk. Mr. Rose has estimated the dip of the chalk 
in this county at about 5 yards per mile; but in this paper the 
author cited a number of facts in support of his conclusion. that the 
average dip is, from Norwich to Yarmouth, nearly 30 feet per mile. 
Mr. Rose had remarked to the author that the apparent amount of 
dip was due to the crossing of the valley and estuary at Yarmouth. 
This opens a most important and highly interesting subject for con- 
sideration and discussion, and called the author’s attention to Mr. 
Prestwich’s paper on the well-boring at Yarmouth. On looking 
over the specimens of the boring, which are carefully preserved at the 
brewery, Mr. Prestwich noticed that there were 50 feet of blown sand 
and 150 feet of recent estuarine deposit, when the London clay 
at once commenced, and reached 310 feet; then followed 46 feet of 
the Woolwich and Reading series, and the chalk with flints was 
gained. Now, it is evident that, as the chalk was covered by these 
early Eocene deposits, it could not have been denuded by any 
river-action connected with the present estuary or valley. Mr. 
Prestwich shows that the London clay occupied here a part of the 
basin of the chalk, ‘and that probably a bed of variable thickness of 
it may extend beneath the Crag between Orford and Yarmouth, 
and may possibly range as far north as Mundesley and Bacton.’ 
