Reviews—Frost and Fire. 415 
Prof. Hall, it seems to us, has made a retrograde step in uniting 
under one generic name so many varied forms as make up his genus 
Graptolithus. "The grounds upon which naturalists have separated 
Piumularia from Sertularia are held by him of no value in this 
fossil family. And not only is Diplograpsus united to Graptolithus, 
but the two distinct forms of Didymograpsus and Cladograpsus 
share the same fate. We are surprised that with this tendency to 
‘lumping’ he retains Rastrites, a genus whose only character is that 
the hydrothece are distant from each other—a character that is 
rightly considered unimportant in Sertularia. 
The new genus Climacograptus he has established for species 
like Diplograpsus rectangularis, which have the polype-cells hollowed 
out of the ccenosare without being furnished with hydrothece. 
This character seems to indicate affinities to the Corynide. 
Tt is probable that the genera Thamnograptus and Bathrograptus, 
on which no cell-openings have been observed, may be portions of 
compound Graptolites corresponding to either the ccenosare or the 
hydrorhize of Sertularia. 
Much yet requires to be done before we come to anything ee 
certain knowledge of this interesting Paleozoic family. This 
volume is an important step to so desirable an end. With’ the light 
thrown by it on the structure of the family, it would be desirable to 
have a re-examination of our British species. They are not at 
present in a satisfactory condition. Everyone who has come 
across them has added somewhat to our knowledge of the species; 
and so one must consult the papers of Murchison, M‘Coy, Salter, 
Harkness, Nicol, Carruthers, Baily, &¢., to get acquainted with 
what has been done ; for nothing like a monograph has yet been 
executed. Prof. Wyville Thompson is engaged, we believe, with 
one for the Palzontographical Society. If he succeeds in obtain- 
ing tolerably complete specimens of the species he describes, and 
does not satisfy himself with founding his characters on and figuring 
fragments of the hydrosoma, as has been too much hitherto done, 
we shall be better able to form a satisfactory estimate of the rela- 
tions of the family. 
If. Frost anp Fire, NaturaL Encines, Toor-MARKS, AND CHIPs, 
WITH SKETCHES TAKEN AT Home AND ABROAD BY A TRAVELLER 
(J. F. Campserty). Edinburgh: Epmonston anp Dovugtas. 
1865. 2 vols. 8vo., pp. 1015. 117 Lllustrations. 
Ill. A Ssorrt American TRAMP IN THE Fatt or 1864. By 
the Editor of ‘ Life in Normandy.’ Edinburgh : EpMonstTon AND 
Dovewas. 1865. 8vo., pp. 427. 
HESE two works are by the same writer, and they both treat 
of what we may call the mechanical phenomena of Geological 
Science. The first was published latest; but as it contains a 
statement of the author’s theories, and relates the story of his earlier 
travels in pursuit of his favourite study, we have given it pre- 
cedence. ‘They are written in a lively (at times, indeed, in a rather 
