474 Correspondence. 
bearing of about NNE. and SSW., having a similar bearing to 
the ‘Crag and Tail’ and the ‘ Dressed Hummocks.’ They are only 
slightly deflected while passing over hills some nearly 2,000 feet 
high, and seem to have been made by the movement of the Field, or 
Noppes, of ice that covered this country before the Boulder-drift 
Period. 
The Secondary Strie always coincide with the fall of the ground, 
nearly every valley having a different system: they as often run 
across the ‘Crag and Tail’ and ‘ Dressed Hummocks,’ as not. They 
cut the Primary Striz and often obliterate them, and are sometimes 
accompanied by grooves; but this is not often the case. They seem 
to have been formed when the Ice-sheet, or Mappes, was finally 
breaking up and sliding down the various hills and valleys. 
I have observed Primary and Secondary Striz in the following 
localities :—In the Valley of Galway, from Atheney to Golam Head ; 
in the valley between the Burren Mountain, to Clare, and Slieve 
Aughta, from Gort to near Ennis; in the Ballynahinch Valley, from 
Oughterard to near Clifton ; in the valley in which Lough Corrib is 
now situated, from Maum to Kylebeg; in the valley now occupied by 
the Killeries ; and in the various small valleys that occur among the 
hills in Jar-Connaught (christened by the English, Connemara)— 
nearly every one of which has its own system of Secondary Strie. 
They can also be well observed on the eastern slopes of Slieve 
Bawn (which rises as a ‘ Crag and Tail’ in the plain about ten miles 
west of Longford), where the Primary Striz bear with the lie of the 
hill, while the Secondary Striz run down its slopes. That in none 
of the places that I have mentioned are the Strie due to local gla- 
ciation, is proved by their occurring under the Boulder-drifé. 
J. Henry KInanan. 
OUGHTERARD, IRELAND: Aug. 19, 1865. 
DISCOVERY OF ERECT STEMS OF FOSSIL TREES IN TRAPPEAN 
ASH IN ARRAN. 
To the Editor of the GEOLOGICAL MAGAZINE. 
Sir,—The occurrence of beds of stratified trappean ash resting 
upon fossiliferous strata is not uncommon in the Coal-measures of 
the West of Scotland; but very rarely such beds are found to enclose 
organic remains, and hitherto, so far as Iam aware, no beds have 
been found in situations where they can be studied and explored 
systematically. 
The north-eastern shores of Arran, exhibiting beautiful sections 
of the Carboniferous series, have been surveyed and described by 
various eminent geologists, and on their authority the beds of vol- 
canic origin interstratified with the coal, shale, and sandstone of the 
series have been invariably accepted as either intercalated, or intru- 
sive, trap-beds, ‘trap-dikes,’ or ‘outbursts of trap;’ nor is it easy, 
on a mere cursory survey, to ascribe any other character to them. 
A prolonged stay during the summer on these interesting shores 
has, however, enabled me to study these beds more minutely, and, on 
closer examination, the great majority of them are found to consist 
