A80 Miscellaneous. - 
largely used under Young’s patent for the extraction of paraffine-oil. 
Beautiful dyes and other valuable products had been made from the 
residuum, after the extraction of the oil and the paraffine. It is 
also stated that the Hartley mineral is superior to that of the Bog- 
head, in consequence of its yielding a larger quantity of gas, and 
therefore of oil, and also of its freeness from sulphur. ‘Two feet 
of the gas made from this mineral gave, it is said, a greater illumi- 
nating power than five feet of gas obtained from ordinary coal. It 
is estimated that'a ton of the mineral would yield about 140 gallons 
of crude oil. The annual import of kerosene-oil into this colony is 
set down at 200,000 gallons, and that into the whole of the Australian 
colonies at about 1,000,000 gallons; and it is confidently believed 
that the oil could be produced here at a lower price than it could 
be imported from America, and that therefore an extensive and valu- 
able source of productive wealth would be opened up.—Sydney 
- Mail, May 5, 1865. 
Discovery or A Piece or Fossit Ivory in 4 CAVERN IN PE- 
RIGORD BEARING A REPRESENTATION OF A Mammotu.—On 21st 
August last, M. Mitns-Epwarps communicated a letter from 
M. Lartet to the Academy of Sciences of France, on the discovery 
(May 1864), in the ossiferous deposit of La Madelaine, of fragments 
of a plate of ivory, upon the surface of which rude lines of the 
figure of some animal had been cut. The late Dr. Falconer (who 
was present with MM. Lartet and Christy when the drawing was 
found) at once recognized the head to be that of an Elephant, and, 
from a number of lines on the neck, that it was intended to represent 
an Elephant with a long mane—in fact, the ‘Mammoth.’ As a 
figure of this interesting relic has not yet been published, it would 
be unwise to pronounce finally upon its authenticity ; but we have 
the favourable opinion of MM. Lartet, Milne-Edwards, Quatrefages, 
Desnoyers, and of our own distinguished countrymen, the late Dr. 
Hugh Falconer, and Mr. A .W. Franks, President of the Society of 
Antiquaries (who have seen and examined it).* 
The importance of this positive evidence of the contemporaneity 
of Man with the Mammoth in the South of France, cannot, we think, 
be too highly estimated. 
Numerous carvings on bone and horn, accurately representing the 
Reindeer, Musk-ox, Horse, and other animals, found in these same 
caverns of Dordogne, afford ample proof of the artistic skill of these 
ancient people, and of their ability to represent the wild animals 
with which they were familiar in the chase. 
It is extremely improbable that they would have drawn an Ele- 
phant from imagination; how much more improbable that they 
should, without knowing the Mammoth, have depicted not only his 
general form, but represented him as a hairy beast with a thick 
mane !—as described by M. Adams in 1799, from the specimen found 
imbedded in ice at the mouth of the Lena in Siberia, some of the 
long hair of which may be seen in the British Museum. 
* See Comptes Rendus, No. 8, August 1865. 
