512 Reports and Proceedings. 
obtained at this spot. Another quarry in the same beds higher up 
the hill was next visited; and then the slope and the outcrop of the 
beds were traversed by the Members, who noted by the way points of 
resemblance to, or difference from, the same formation as examined 
by them in their last excursion at Sweeney. A fragment of a large 
Calamite was noticed upon a block of the Sandstone at Garth. 
The junction of the Sandstone with the Mountain-limestone as 
exposed _in the grand escarpment above Trevor was at length 
reached; and from this point the uppermost beds of Limestone were 
followed, and some examples of the interior of both the ventral and 
--dorsal valves of Productus giganteus were obtained, as well as spe- 
cimens of the large Coral—Astrea carbonaria, M‘Coy,—which is 
found here in great plenty. A descent was then made down the 
‘precipitous escarpment to the horizon of the Productus Llangol- 
lensis, which is found in considerable numbers a little above the Red 
Marl—marked on the maps of the Survey as ‘Old Red Sandstone ;’ 
and the excursion was concluded by a rapid walk over the Wenlock 
Shales to the town of Llangollen.—D. C. D : 
Ricumonp Fietp Naturatists’ CLus.—On Thursday week the 
members of the Richmond and North Riding Naturalists’ Field-club, 
by the kind permission of Messrs. Stobart and Co., paid a visit to the 
Newton Cap Colliery, near Bishop Auckland. About 60 were pre- 
sent, including several ladies. By the exertions of the President, 
Mr. E. Wood, F.G.S., every arrangement was made for the comfort 
of the excursionists, and the party tock their departure from Ri¢h- 
mond by the 9 o’clock train, reaching Bishop Auckland at 11 o’clock, 
and proceeded to the colliery, situate about a mile from the town. 
After some little delay in arranging the attire, the descent took place, 
under the able guidance of Mr. Lishman, the surveyor and agent. 
The ‘ Main’ coal, the seam worked at the Newton Cap Colliery, is 
some 360 feet from the surface; and the mechanism for the descent is 
most perfect, the shaft being large, affd the cages capable of accom- 
modating 8 or 10 persons. In a short time the descent of the whole 
party was accomplished, and, being ushered into the ‘Drawing Room,’ 
a chamber at the foot of the shaft, which had been whitewashed and 
furnished with seats, the visitors were each provided with a candle 
and aclay holder. They then divided into three parties, each having 
a conductor, and visiting a different part of the pit. After walking 
for nearly a mile, they arrived at the portion of the pit where the men 
were hewing the coal, and full opportunity was afforded for gaining 
information respecting the method of working. The return was made 
in the wagons, and in due time the whole of ‘the visitors were safely 
landed at the foot of the shaft. One subject of remark during the 
journey was the pure state of the atmosphere, the Davy lamp not 
being necessary in this pit; this is entirely attributable to the effi- 
cient state of the ventilation, which in the Newton Cap Colliery is 
effected by the closing up of all side outlets for the current of air, 
and by this means the heat of the furnace causes a rapid draught 
through all the open passages, the supply of fresh air coming down 
