Ludwig—On Calamite-fruits. — 545 
mode of attachment of these capsules are in the highest degree 
peculiar. 
The spore-capsules themselves are in the form of a nut, ora flask, 
or an elongated egg, they have a strong shining shell, are nearly 
circular in transverse section, and have a scar on the inner end, 
which is somewhat bent, and thinner than the other. There are 
always four of these capsules arranged symmetrically round a short 
thorn-like stem, in a bladder-like integument. In each chamber 
u 
as 
Tare ts 
\ 
| ‘ 
\ if 5 
STRUCTURE OF FRUTr oF CALAMITE. 
Fig. 1. Vertical Section of part of Fruit-spike :—a. Axis of Spike; 6. b., Bracts; 
S. S., Spore-capsules. 
Fig. 2. Transverse Section of the same :—c. Floor of cell, partly removed to show 
Spore-capsules (s. s.) and integument (d). 
Fig. 3. Entire Fruit-spike of Calamite. 
five of such bunches are disposed round the central stalk, so that it 
contains 20 capsules. ‘The thorn-like axes of the bunches are 
placed perpendicularly above those in the chamber below; they are 
hollow at the lower end, and are attached to short pegs projecting 
from the fibrous wood-substance of the central stalk.—H. M. J. 
IJ.—INTRODUCTION TO ‘ VESTIGES OF THE IcE-PERIOD,’ BY L. P. 
HoLMstrom.* : 
By Dr. Orro Tor=tt. 
N the year 1836 Sefstrém published his memoir on the direction 
of the Ice-grooves in Sweden. He made very exact observations 
on the fact, scarcely noticed before, that the Swedish mountains are 
* Translated and communicated by Magister Lindstrém of Wisby, Island of 
Gotland. 
VOL. II.—NO. XVIII. NN 
