Holmsrim—‘ Vestiges of the Ice-Period.’ 547 
but, through their opposition, gave the moving ice on the Russian 
side of the Baltic a direction from North to South. This is evident 
from the route taken by the Silurian and Devonian blocks from His- 
land and Liffiand, and by the direction of the grooves in the Russian 
provinces near the Baltic. 
3. The third division begins with the continued decrease of the 
ice which now moved in the basin of the Baltic. Finland was pro- 
bably still completely or partly covered with ice. The ice also filled 
the basin of the Baltic, but was in the East checked by the resistance 
of the Russian and German Baltic shores. Ice, in consequence of 
its plasticity, always moves in the direction of least resistance, so 
that it must during this period have followed the median axis of the 
Baltic ; thence a considerable south-west deviation was caused, and 
numbers of blocks from the island of Gothland were carried to 
Groeningen in Holland and Jever in Oldenburg. The islands of 
Aland, Dags, Gothland, and Bornholm, as well as Fax6 on Seeland, 
were grooved and furrowed in directions somewhat corresponding 
with that indicated. But it was not only the islands that were 
covered and polished ; the thickness of the ice was evidently so con- 
siderable that certain parts of the mainland of Sweden were over- 
whelmed by that moving from the Baltic. Dr. Torell showed by | 
the direction of the furrows in Upland and Sodermanland that they 
had their origin from the Baltic, not from the mountain-ridge be- 
tween Sweden and Norway. He also supposed that the eastern part 
Scania had been covered by Baltic ice. 
As Sefstrém’s observations on Scania were insufficient, Mr. Holm- 
strom, exhorted by Dr. Torell, undertook the researches on the di- 
rection of the grooves in Scania, and the results seem to confirm the 
views of Dr. Torell. The prevailing direction of the furrows in 
Scania is from North-east to South-west. 
4. The land-ice did not pass the confines of Scandinavia, but re- 
treated more and towards the central mountain-ridge. 
5. Then came the last epoch, when only the large mountain-valleys 
were filled with glaciers, the diminution of which may still be seen 
in the traces of their existence that they have left in their moraines. 
During this last epoch the present Scandinavia was depressed, or 
subsided, north of Scania; the Yoldia-clays and shell-banks were 
deposited, filled with the remains of a Glacial fauna now vanished. 
Our large lakes were changed into bays, where the animals of the 
Glacial sea lived. The land was again elevated, and the bays again 
became lakes, Professor Lovén having discovered in them the rem- 
nants of a Glacial fauna. 
6. As the elevation continued, the climate was changed to that now 
prevailing, and the present geological epoch began. 
III.—GLyPTopON CLAVIPES. 
A tae Comptes Renpus, September 18th, records an interesting 
paper by Marcel de Serres on Glyptodon clavipes, an almost 
NN 2 
