568 British Association Reports. 
ments of trap rock, Lias fossils much water-worn, and Chaik flints. 
The inclination of the strata of gravel in which the shells occur 
bears no relation to the slope of the hill; the gravels inclining at 
an angle of 70° or 80° to the north, while the mound on that side 
does not incline more than 30° or 40° in the same direction. 
The south side of the mound does not appear to contain any shells; 
and, so far as it has been examined, the pebbles are of a different 
character from those on the north side. 
From the mean of two barometrical observations the height of the 
mound is 463 feet above mean sea-level. 
The shells found were determined by Mr. J. Gwyn Jeffreys, and 
are as follows :— 
UNIVALVES. BIVALVES. 
Anporrhais pes-pelicant. Astarte borealis. 
Buceinum undatum. Cardium echinatum. 
Dentalium abyssarum. Cardium edule. 
Fusus antiquus. Cyprina Islandica. 
Nassa reticulata, Lutraria elliptica. 
Natica clausa. Mactra solida. 
Purpura lapillus. Pecten opereularis. 
Scalaria communis. Pholas crispatus. 
Trophon Banffensis. Tellina (solidula) Balthica. 
Turritella communis. 
CrreirepEes—Balanus sulcatus.—Balanus Scoticus. 
X.—GENERAL View oF THE Patmozoic FLrorAs or NoRTH-EASTERN AMERICA. 
By J. W. Dawson, LL.D., F.B.S., F.G:S. 
rH\HE Carboniferous is the newest Paleozoic Flora known in 
North-eastern America. The CarBonirerous system com- 
rises— 
: 1. The ‘Upper Coal Formation, which consists of sandstones and 
shales without productive beds of coal ; its flora may be characterized 
as being a selection of some of the most widely diffused and probably 
most persistent species in the preceding ‘ Middle Coal Formation.’ 
2. ‘The ‘ Middle’ or ‘ Productive Coal Formation’ includes all the 
productive coal, and is the head-quarters of the Coal Flora. Dr. 
Dawson has catalogued in it 150 true species, 92 of which are 
common to Nova Scotia and Europe, and 59 to Nova Scotia and 
the United States ; the greater part of the remainder are closely 
related to the European Coal species, so that the vegetation and the 
physical conditions attending the deposition of the European and 
American Coal-strata may be regarded as identical. 
3. Sandstones and Shales, equivalent to the Millstone-grit of Eng- 
land, containing no productive coals and few plants. 
4. The Lower Carboniferous Marine Formation, equivalent to 
the English Mountain Limestone ; it has afforded no well-charac- 
terized land plants, and 
5. The ‘* Lower Coal-measures, or, ‘ Sub-Carboniferous,’ with 
no productive coal; its plants are very abundant but restricted to a 
few species, and these markedly distinct from those of the true Coal- 
formation. 
