Notices of Memoirs — Brief Notices. 25 



His summary reads as follows : — The ' Bone-bed ' is not a regular 

 •or persistent bed, but a series of thin sheets (or lenticules) of 

 varying extent, coming in at various horizons and deposited at 

 various times. These sheets are separate and have no connection 

 with each other, except that they are of common origin, ^ the 

 general structure and fossils being identical. They are chiefly 

 caused by the Saurians and carnivorous fishes, being the remains 

 of their victims, with the addition of coprolites, etc. The extent 

 of each sheet was determined by the size of the shoal, and the 

 thickness hij the time it remained at that station. At intervals the 

 shoal shifted to another station, where the process was repeated 

 and another Bone-bed formed. Owing to deposition of sediment, 

 each successive bed was on a higher horizon than its predecessors. 

 These are original organic deposits in situ, and not drifted material. 

 They may be summed up as submarine guano beds laid down 

 by the floating population of the period. We must refer the reader 

 to Mr. Wickes' paper for the details of this highly suggestive 

 piece of work, but may mention that the pebbles in these beds 

 are attributed to fishes, for which idea a good deal of interesting 

 evidence is brought forward. 



6. The Kimeridgian in East Prussia. — The thick covering of 

 drift materials so extensively spread over the flat country of the 

 north-east of Germany very effectually conceals the solid rocks 

 beneath, and to ascertain their nature it is necessary to resort to 

 boring. Near Heilsberg, in the centre of the province of East 

 Prussia, a boring has been carried down to a depth of over 600 

 metres below the surface, and it resulted in the discovery of rocks 

 of Kimeridgian age at a depth of 562 metres. Dr. P. G. Krause 

 has undertaken the examination of the cores, and in a preliminary 

 oommunication in the Zeitschrift d. deutschen geol. Gesellsch., 

 Bd. Ivi (1904), p. 56, he states that the rock is a light-gray, fine- 

 grained sandstone with a small admixture of lime and clay. It 

 contains Gardioceras Volgcs, Pavlow, very numerous, C. cf. subtili- 

 costatum, Pavlow, C. n.sp., Hoplites suhundorcB, Pav., E. n.sp., 

 Aspidoceras acanthicum, 0pp., A. ci'.KarpinsJcii, Pav., Exogyra virgula, 

 Goldf., and species of Astarte, Fecten, Protocardium, Thracia, and 

 Trigonia. The Ammonite fauna shows a very close resemblance 

 to that described by Pavlow in the Acanthicus -zone of the Volga 

 district of Eastern Russia. Below 600 metres the Cardioceras-iorins 

 disappear, and thus the Kimeridge beds in this locality would 

 appear to be not more than 38 m. in thickness. 



7. FORAMINIFERA AND OsTRACODA FROM THE CrETACEOUS OF EaST 



PoNDOLAND, SouTH Afbioa. — In the Annals of the South African 

 Museum, vol. iv, pt. 5, F. Chapman describes and figures 18 species 

 and varieties of Foraminifera and 7 species and varieties of Ostracoda 

 from a greenish argillaceous and sandy rock of Cretaceous age from 

 East Pondoland, Cape Colony. The foraminifera belong to the 

 following genera : Haplophragmium, Bulimina, Pleurostomella, 

 Nodosaria, Vaginulina, CristeUaria, Polymorphina, Glohigerina, 



