B,eporU and Proceedings — Edinhiirgh Geological Society. 4-5 



areas or cavities in the rock ; while the EaibI Dolomite, associated 

 with gypsum, was formed by the concentration of sea-water in land- 

 locked areas. ^ 



Edinburgh Geological Society, October 19Lh, 1904:. — 

 Mr. B. N. Peach, LL.D., F.R.S., of H.M. Geol. Survey, President 

 of the Society, in the chair. Opening address by the President : 

 The Higher Crustacea of the Carboniferous Rocks of Scotland. — 

 As early as 1835 Scouler described Dithyrocaris, a nebalid crustacean 

 from the Lower Carboniferous rocks of Scotland. In 1861 Salter 

 founded the genera Palmocrangon and AnthrapalcBmon, from specimens 

 collected by the Rev. Thomas Brown and Dr. Grossart from the 

 Carboniferous rocks of Fife and Lanark respectively. These he 

 thought to be macrurous decapods. Huxley, in 1862, described 

 a specimen from Paisley, under his genus Fygocephahis, which he 

 rightly placed among the schizopods.^ From 1863 to 1882 several 

 species of Anthrapalcsmon were described by Salter, Etheridge, jun., 

 and B. N. Peach, mostly from materials gathered from the Lower 

 Carboniferous rocks, for the Geological Survey, by Jas. Bennie 

 and A. Maconnochie. From this material Dr. Peach erected the 

 genus Pseudogalathea, and showed that the American genus 

 Palceocaris of Meek and Worthern occurred in Scottish rocks. 

 With the exception of the last genus these Crustacea were held 

 to be macrurous decapods. 



On the publication of the Report on the Challenger Schizopods 

 by G. 0. Sars, Dr. Peach had reason to change his opinion, and 

 after studying a great deal of new material gathered for the 

 Geological Survey by A. Maconnochie, and from material from 

 Ardross in Fife obtained by William Anderson, he has been able 

 to demonstrate that Palaocrangon belongs to the family EuphausiidcB 

 and Antlirapalmnon and Pygocephalus to the LophogastridcB, while 

 Palceocaris has been found to belong to the family Anaspidce made 

 to hold the recent Anaspides of G. M. Thompson. These points 

 were shown to the meeting by means of lantern slides photographed 

 either direct from the fossils or from drawings made by Dr. Peach. 

 Dr. Peach also showed photographs of schizopods which had assumed 

 squillid characters. He was of opinion that in Carboniferous times 

 the schizopods were the highest forms of crustacea then extant, and 

 that the decapods had not then been evolved. 



From the nature of the sediments in which their remains are 

 embedded, and from the other fossils found associated with them, 

 these old schizopods must have lived in shallow water near shore. 

 At present the EupliausiidcB are for the most part pelagic, the 

 Lophogastridce inhabit the bed of the deep sea, while Anaspides 

 has only yet been found in a fresh-water pool in the mountains 



1 See also paper by Dr. H. Woodward in Trans. Glasgow Geol. Soc, 1866, 

 vol. ii, pp. 234-247, pi. iii, giving iigures and descriptions of Pygocephabis Cooperi^ 

 P. Stixleyi, Anthrapalcemon Grossariii, etc. — Edit. Geol. Mac. 



