52 Professor T. G. Bonney — On Rocks from Ararat. 



Geol. Soc. Glasgow, 1890 (or 1891), described as that of the 

 Carboniferous Estheria tegidata, Jones, at p, 84. In E. tessellata, au 

 allied form (ibid., p. 82, pi. v, figs. 2-i), a similar arrangement is 

 also shown of a concentric being crossed by a radial system of 

 structural lines. 



The Figs. M-g, PI. XI, Geol. Mag., 1897, pp. 283-293, might be 

 regarded of special interest as showing how much the interstitial 

 bar-ornament may be sometimes developed into superficial radials ; 

 but the intermediate stages are wanting. In Estheriella the radials 

 certainly have the appearance of having been due to pressure at 

 nearly a right angle to the vertical height of the valve, giving the 

 sharp radials in Figs. 11 and 13 of PI. II, Geol. Mag., 1891. What 

 may perhaps be looked upon as obscure traces of radials (regarded 

 at the time of description as probably the remains of pressure 

 wrinkles) are visible in the figure of Estheria Greyi, Geol. Mag., 

 1878, PI. Ill, Fig. 1. Better and more numerous specimens are 

 wanted for further detailed examination. 



EXPLANATION OF PLATE IL 



Fig. 1. — Malayan specimen ' B.' Estheriella radiata (Salinas), var. multilineata , 



nov. A pair of valves, lying open, with the outer surface exposed. Magnified 



3 diam. 

 ,, 2. — Malayan specimen ' A.' The same species. A pair of valves, lying open 



and exposing the insides. Magnified 3 diam. 

 ,, 3. — Malayan specimen ' 10.' The same species. Dexti'al valve. Magnified 



I diam. 

 ,, 4. — Malayan specimen ' 10.' The same species. Part of the surface of Fig. 3. 



Magnified 8 diam. 



D 



III. — Notes on some Eocks from Ararat. 



By Professor T. G. Bonney, D.Sc, LL.D., F.E.S. 



^URING a journey through Russian Armenia in 1893 Mr. H. F. B. 

 Lynch ascended Ararat and collected a number of small 

 specimens from that mountain and other parts of the country. 

 These, after his return, he placed in my hands, requesting me to 

 examine them. At that time he intended to include my report in 

 a book then in preparation, which was completed after a second 

 journey (through the Turkish provinces) in 1898.^ On this 

 occasion he vras accompanied by Mr. Felix Oswald, B.Sc, v^ho 

 studied the geology of the country and collected numerous 

 specimens. Mr. Lynch accordingly decided to omit from his work 

 all geological details, and leave these to be dealt with separately by 

 Mr. Oswald. But some time must still elapse, owing to the 

 pressure of official duties, before he will have completed the work, 

 and as they did not, on the second journey, go near Ararat, I have 

 decided, since the mountain has so much historic interest, to publish 

 my notes, though a little has already appeared on this subject. 

 Herr H. Abich, to whose unwearied labours we are so greatly 



1 "Armenia: Travels and Studies." 2 vols. Longmans, 1901. The ascent of 

 Ararat is descrilied in chs. xi-xiii (vol. i). 



