196 Miss Dorothea M. A. Bate— 



difficulty detached from the hard substance in which they were 

 embedded. Besides these some pieces of breccia containing the 

 remains of small rodents were also procured. Unfortunately it 

 was only possible to work here for a few hours, for, owing to the 

 distance and rough track, it occupied four hours each way to and 

 from Khania. The fact that this was the only deposit in which 

 traces of a dwarf elephant were observed made it a matter of much 

 regret that the investigations begun here could not be continued,, 

 but it was impossible to delay my departure from Crete beyond the 

 24th of the month. 



The first trip into the country from Khania took me to the- 

 monastery of Gonia, near Kolymbari, which was reached on 

 March 20th after a ride of sevei'al hours, chiefly along the seashore. 

 The following morning no difficulty was experienced in finding 

 the cave (Plate IX) already described by Admiral Spratt,^ who 

 obtained from it a few remains which he mentions as having been^ 

 identified by Dr. H. Falconer- as those of "a goat, a roebuck, or 

 stag, and of a small Myoxusy For sevei'al days some work was 

 carried on here, but without much success, for the ossiferous deposit,, 

 which was very hard, extended only a little way inside the cave, 

 and specimens worth preserving were difficult to obtain. A number 

 of other caves on this side of the peninsula, including the Kimido 

 Spilia of the Admiralty Chart, were examined, but without result. 



Later, when staying at the tiny village of Kamara Kumuli, I was 

 taken to a small cave or hole in the cliffs below, and somewhat to 

 the south-west of Eavduka. In spite of the stalagmitic flooring 

 of what remained of this cave being entirely broken up, presumably 

 by the action of the waves, some few good specimens were obtained 

 from a crevice half-filled with earth and sand. A portion of the 

 bone breccia could be seen to extend for a short distance below 

 the present level of the sea. The remains noticed here included 

 only those of the two species of ruminants already mentioned. 



On a trip to Malathiros, which lies some little distance in the 

 bills inland, no bone caves were heard of, but more success attended 

 a return to the coast still further west. At the western base of 

 the Grabusa Akrotiri lies the small promontory of Kutri, or Phala- 

 sarna, to give it its ancient name, the site of the western town of 

 the early civilization of Crete.^ At the northern edge of this cape, 

 where the limestone cliffs are reduced to an insignificant height, 

 a cave opening towards the sea was found to contain the remains 

 of a large ossiferous deposit. That this must originally have been 

 of considerable extent is shown by the fact that between the highest 

 and lowest traces of bones is a distance of fifteen feet ; these 

 probably occurred in bands of about three feet in thickness and 

 separated by layers of stalagmite. Two such bands were clearly 

 traced at the inner end of the cave ; in the upper remains of an 



' Op. cit., vol. ii, pp. 194-5. 



^ I have been unable to find any account of these remains published by 

 Dr. Falconer. 

 ^ Spratt, op. cit., vol. ii, chap. six. 



