202 Miss Bate — Pleistocene Mammalia in Crete. 



to be disproved by the discovery of similar, and presumably con- 

 temporary, remains nearly 4,000 feet below Katharo. May it not 

 be that this upland basin, then a lake or marsh, became a last 

 stronghold of a dying race of hippopotamus ? This does not seem 

 so improbable if we imagine a slightly warmer climate to have 

 been then prevailing, and with it the consequent existence of 

 a vastly greater amount of vegetation. 



Conclusion. — It will be seen from the above that during 

 my stay in Crete thirteen deposits containing remains of 

 Pleistocene mammals were found, though only four were worked 

 to any extent. These are all situated in the northern half of the 

 island, for it was found impossible in this time to explore more 

 than a comparatively small area, and that imperfectly ; the southern 

 coastline was practically unvisited. This was partly due to the 

 distances to be traversed and the slow rate of progress over rough 

 country ; the total disappearance in many cases of all traces of the 

 caves save a portion of the stalagmitic flooring greatly added to 

 the difficulties of their discovery. 



The following is a list of Pleistocene ossiferous deposits found : — 



1. Cave deposit near Sphinari, West Crete, (p. 197.) 



2. Cave, Cape Kutri, West Crete, (p. 196.) 



3. Cave, Cape Kutri, West Crete, (p. 197.) 



4. Haghios Basilis (cave), near Eavduka, West Crete, (p. 196.) 



5. Tripiti cave, near Gonia Monastery, West Crete, (p. 194.) 



6. Cave between Khania and Suda, West Crete, (p. 194.) 



7. Cave at Haghios Georgios, Khania Akrotiri,WestCrete. (p. 194.) 



8. Cave deposit below Katholiko Monastery, West Crete, (p. 195.) 



9. Cave deposit near Cape Maleka, West Crete, (p. 195.) 



10. Cave deposit near Melato, Mirabello, East Crete, (p. 199.) 



11. Cave deposit (3 ?),Kharoumes Bay, Sitaea, East Crete, (p. 199.) 



12. Cave, Kharoumes Bay, Sitaea, East Crete, (p. 199.) 



13. Fresh-water deposit, Katharo, Lassethe Mountains, East Crete. 



(p. 201.) 

 The mammalian remains found in the above have not yet been 

 specifically determined, but are known to include the following :. 

 antelope, deer, elephant, hippopotamus, shrew (Crocidura), and at 

 least two small species of rodents. Of these the elephant and 

 hippopotamus represent dwarfed races, whilst the antelope will 

 probably be found to belong to a hitherto undescribed form. It is- 

 hoped that it will be possible before very long to publish a detailed 

 account of these remains. I take this opportunity to express my 

 sincere appreciation of all the help and encouragement I received 

 from many kind friends both at home and in Crete. 



EXPLANATION OF PLATES. 

 Plate IX. — Tripiti Cave, near Gonia Monastery, West Crete, ^ 

 Plate X. — Men at work in the upland basin of Katharo, Lassethe Mountains, 

 East Crete. 



^ Ossiferous remains occur in the cliff-face immediately below the mouth of this 

 cave, as well as inside (see Spratt, op. cit., vol. ii, p. 195). 



