Reports and Proceedings — Geological Society of London. 233 



Mr. Springer is heartily to be congratulated on having elucidated 

 this obscure form in his usual masterlj'' manner, and on having thus 

 posed fresh problems. The only fault to be found with the paper is 

 that the area of the pages (36 X 28 cm.) is out of all proportion to 

 their number. F. A. Bather. 



III. — The Clays and Clay Industry of New Jersey. By 

 Heinrich Eies and H. B. Kummel, assisted by G. N. Knapp. 

 Vol. VI of the Final Eeport of the State Geologist. Trenton, 

 New Jersey, 1904. Royal 8vo ; pp. xxvii, 548. Plates and 

 maps, Ivi ; figures in text, 41. 



IN this Report a very full and complete description of the various 

 clay deposits in the State of New Jersey is given, and their 

 origin, modes of occurrence, physical and chemical properties are 

 discussed in considerable detail. It also contains a large amount of 

 definite and practical information relating to the economic value and 

 the various methods of manufacture suitable to the different kinds 

 of clays, which makes it a reliable work of reference for all those 

 engaged in this industry. 



The clay deposits worked belong to various formations. In the 

 northern part of the State there are extensive beds of late Glacial 

 age apparently laid down in lake basins or estuaries by streams 

 issuing from the margin of the great ice field which covered 

 northern New Jersey. Cliffs of clay on the Atlantic coast and 

 terraces bordering the river valleys, 30-50 feet above tide, are 

 referred to the same period. The clay beds are frequently overlain 

 by stratified sand and gravel, and in some places by glacial till. Of 

 the clays of the Tertiary formation may be mentioned those near 

 Bridgeton, which are regarded as of Upper Miocene or Pliocene age 

 on the evidence of plant remains in the associated sandstones. The 

 most important clay deposits in the State are of Lower Cretaceous 

 age, and are known as the Raritan or Plastic Clay series. They are 

 of considerable thickness, and they extend quite across the State 

 from Perth Amboy to Trenton, and thence down the Delaware 

 River. They were probably laid down in an estuary ; the only fossils 

 found in them are a few shells of brackish-water character. The 

 beds vary from a white to steel-blue fireclay of considerable 

 economic importance to black sandy clay used for ordinary bricks. 

 A great drawback to working these clays is the thickness of the 

 gravels and, in places, glacial drift, by which they are often capped. 

 These Lower Cretaceous clays rest on beds of Triassic age. 



Several excellent maps and numerous illustrations greatly add to 

 the value of this Report. 



IRIEIPOS-TS _A.IsriD I=I^OG:E:lE!IDI3^G-S. 



Geological Society of London. 



L — March 8th, 1905.— J. E. Marr, Sc.D., F.R.S., President, in 

 the Chair. The following commnnications were read : — 

 1. " Observations on some of the Loxonematidee, with Descriptions 



