R. Sullen Newton — Marine Fossils from Mekran Coast. 801 



from the Upper Tertiaries of Greece, Italy, France, and Germany, 

 Strong spiral costse ornament the body-wborl, and a series of distant 

 nodular tubercles surround the obtusely carinate margin, with 

 evidence of a second obtuse tubercled margin below. The shell 

 shows also the varixed labrum with a corresponding varix on the 

 other side extending up the penultimate whorl. Except for their 

 want of sharpness the Mekran casts resemble fairly closely those 

 examples from the Vienna Basin Miocene deposits figured by 

 Homes under the name of T. corrugatum. 



Dimensions. — Height, 50 ; diameter, 33 mm. 



Examples. — There are five very good specimens of this shell. 



TuGURiUM Mekeanense, n.sp. (PI. XVII, Figs. 8-10.) 



Shell conical ; whorls five or six, flattened, ornamented with 

 numerous closely set, oblique, elevated, and rounded riblets, crossed 

 by a series of equidistant, oblique, rather swollen growth ridges ; 

 suture distinct, and bearing agglutinations ; base umbilicated, slightly 

 concave, and furnished with a reticulate spiral sculpture. 



Dimensions. — Height, 30 ; diameter, 50 mm. 



This is one of the most abundant shells of the Mekran nodules. 

 In sculpture it is very similar to Xenophora crispa of Konig, a species 

 found in the Italian Pliocene, and which exists in the Mediterranean 

 at the present day, although in that species the oblique striations of 

 the upper surface of the whorls are coarser, more crenulated an 

 structure, and considerably less regular in arrangement. 



Again, T. mehranense is in no way related to X. infundihulum of 

 Brocchi, also from the Pliocene of Italy, which is of larger size, 

 imperforate, much excavated at the base and without basal reticulate 

 sculpture ; the upper surface of the whorls is also much more 

 coarsely ornamented. On account of the umbilication and the fact 

 that agglutinations take place at the suture this form is recognized 

 under Fischer's name of Tugurium. 



Examples. — Very numerously represented. 



DoLiuM TowNSENDi, n.sp. (PI. XVII, Fig. 1.) 

 Shell thin, ovally globular, ventricose ; volutions about five, 

 penultimate and earlier whorls compressed, and showing obtuse 

 median angulation, suture sunken, spire moderately elevated ; body- 

 whorl prominently sculptured with 15 or 16 rounded, ridge-like, 

 spiral costee of more regular occurrence below than above, and 

 divided by depressed interspaces of variable widths which are 

 sometimes faintly ridged in the centre ; the postero-central rib is 

 thicker and more important than the others. 

 Dimensions. — Height, 55 ; diameter, 47 mm. 



The somewhat irregularly disposed costee of this shell seem to 

 separate it from other species. Beneath the rounded sutural margin 

 of the body-whorl occurs a fairly wide excavated space followed by 

 three prominent costee and a fourth obscure one, all of which are 

 separated by narrow interspaces ; then follows the postero-central 

 rib, which is stronger and thicker than the others. After the 

 postero-central rib occurs a similar width of interspace as is found 



