398 Professor T. G. Bonnet/ 8f Rev. E. Hill— 



of the cliif near Trimingbam. In the western of these the bands 

 of flint were contorted, though not quite as represented in his 

 diagram (p. 116), for the top one was again bent up on the land side. 

 Above, and to some extent behind it, was a bed of bluish-grey 

 boulder-clay ^ with no sign of contortion beyond its occurrence in 

 these two positions, which here and there was parted from the 

 chalk by a thin layer of coarse gravel. Over the clay came a bedded 

 sand with much internal contortion, and above this a second boulder- 

 clay (rather browner in colour and less pebbly) lying apparently 

 even and undisturbed. The clialk bluff ended landwards on both 

 sides in an almost vertical wall (if anything, slightly overhanging). 

 The drift beds on the eastern side were a little more confused than 

 on the other; the upper boulder-clay seemed slightly more laminated, 

 and the lower one was rather thicker. 



The eastern bluff was divided into two masses, one about 30 feet, 

 the other about 50 feet long, by a V-shaped gully, about 10 feet 

 wide, filled with laminated clay. At its ends the flint bands, so 

 far as they could be seen, showed no contortion, nor did the drift 

 beds above appear ' rucked up.' In fact, we saw no indication of 

 what might have been expected if, after at least some of the glacial 

 drift had been deposited, a great ioe-sheet had, as it advanced, 

 pushed up the chalk in a sharp fold, and the following note written 

 at the time by one of us (T. G. B.) expresses our conclusion : — 

 " After prolonged examination I am convinced (with Hill) that 

 C. R. is wrong in his interpretation of the record ; that there is no 

 contortion,'^ and that the mass of chalk is a boulder." 



One of us (E. H.) visited the section in the Spring of 1898 and of 

 1899. On the former occasion he noted on the top of the western 

 boulder a bed of gravel, " probably debris of denuded chalk before 

 transport," and on that of the eastern one a bedded sandy clay filling 

 up its inequalities, and overlain by bedded sands, which were seen 

 to rest on the chalk at its northern end. On the latter occasion he 

 wrote : " The chalk bluff is probably much wasted. Now there is 

 no vertical bedding on the higher cliff, only in a low mass at the 

 east end the beds seem, though not very clearly, to be steep. Of 

 the boulder-clay but little is left, and that is covered by blown 

 sand, but the beds have the appearance of being deposited round 

 the mass, not crushed up with it." On this occasion he also saw 

 a mass of chalk, exposed at the base of the cliff and rising from the 

 shore, some six or seven hundred yards on the Cromer side of the 

 Trimingham headland, about seventeen yards long, and, so far as he 



^ "We prefer this more general term to that of till, by which it ha>s generally been 

 designated in the Cromer sections. Though the latter is no longer used to imply 

 an indubitable product of land ice (a very convenient distinction), some remnant of 

 that connotation still clings to the word, and besides this we are unable to see in 

 what important respect (except an occasional more distinct appearance of stratification) 

 these glacial clays near Cromer differ from similar English deposits to the north, 

 south, or west. 



- Meaning such as is figured in the Memoir. Throughout we paid more attention 

 to the western bluff (hence the above use of the singular) because the bent flint layers 

 in that made it the mainstay of the hypothesis. 



