Sir R. E. Howorth—The Western BaUio Coast. 409 



At Nivaafiorcl, the innermost part of EsromjBord, the fiord of 

 Raageleje, the Ramlosifiord, and the Norremose, near Kregorae, 

 and in many spots in the old fiords of Skuldelev and Selso, similar 

 phenomena have been forthcoming as the result of excavations and 

 borings. Thus, at Hovenge, 2,800 feet south-east of Brandbjerggaard 

 in Selso Sogn, V. Madsen reports a section consisting, in descending 

 order, of mould, turf, fresh-water loams with fresh-water shells, 

 and then a bed with salt-water fauna, comprising Tapes aureus, 

 T. pullastra, Cardimn exiguum, and Rissoa inconspicua, also con- 

 taining leaves of oak, willow, and hazel-nuts, then gravel, then 

 iurf again. 



At Hovenge, 1,200 feet south-west of St. Olaf's Church in Selso 

 Sogn, a Cardium mud with many salt-water mollusca overlies peat 

 -with remnants of the fir-tree. Eight hundred feet north-east of 

 Buskbjerg in Skuldelev Sogn is a deposit of mould overlying 

 Cardium mud with Ostrea edidis, Scrobicidaria piperata, Cerithium 

 .reticidatum, Bissau membranacea, Litorina rudis, L. obtiisata, which 

 again overlies turf with remnants of the fir. Eighteen hundred 

 feet east of Ostby in Selso Sogn is a sandy turf, then marine sand 

 underlaid by clayey sand, and this by Cardium mud with Nassa 

 .reticidata, Litorina litorea, rudis var. tenebrosa, and Scrobicularia 

 piperata, and this again by a great peat bog with Cortjlus avellana 

 and Betida odorata (op. cit., pp. 126-128). 



As evidences of the former sinking of the land in North Jutland, 

 which was then followed by a rise, are the two so-called wild 

 moors. The smaller one is south of the eastern outlet of the Lim 

 Eiord and the larger one north of Aalborg. The springs in the 

 neighbourhood of the latter were in Forchhammer's time still 

 brackish or saline. 



When we cross over into Skane similar evidences of beds of 

 •recent marine shells, now several feet above high-water mark and 

 lying upon beds of a subserial type consisting of turf with fresh- 

 water and land shells, abound. I referred in my previous paper to 

 the notorious instance of the so-called Jara wall, in which this 

 phenomenon is conspicuous. 



Again, about a mile south of Helsingborg there is a bed 500 feet 

 broad lying along the coast, and bounded on the land side by a steep- 

 slope of from 30 to 40 feet high. This steep slope is formed of fine 

 limey laminated sand, arranged horizontally and nearly a foot in 

 depth, which is overlaid by a definite layer of grey clay. A few 

 shell fragments have been found in the clay. 



The bed which lies between this slope and the sea is formed of 

 several layers, the uppermost of which, 3-3 '5 feet in depth, is formed 

 of sandy gravel which the Swedes call ' strandgrus.' The gravel 

 consists partly of angular and partly of rolled dissimilar rocks, 

 among which are a large number made up of chalk and flint, together 

 with frequent whole and broken shells of Cardium and Mytilus. 

 This can be no other than the representative of the Litorina beds, 

 and below it we find in due position the repi'esentative of a subeerial 

 bed of turf. Next we have a bed 1-5 feet thick of yellow-grey loam 



