262 STUART WELLER 
During the Hamilton period the sea retreated from the northern 
embayments in the James Bay region and the Connecticut trough, and 
at the same time it transgressed toward the south and occupied terri- 
tory which had been dry land during Onondaga time, and connection 
was apparently established between the eastern and western sub- 
provinces to the south of the Cincinnati arch, which at this time 
became an island. 
Upper Devonian of the Eastern Continental Province.—During 
Upper Devonian time the faunas of the Eastern Continental Province 
were far more local in their development than they had been at any 
time during the Middle Devonian. At no time during the period was 
there so uniform a fauna as either the Onondaga or the Hamilton had 
been, distributed throughout the entire province. In the early Upper 
Devonian time the sea retreated northward from its greatest south- 
ward extension of Hamilton time, and later again transgressed toward 
the south and southwest until it extended much farther than it had in 
the earlier period, this retreat and readvance being recorded in the 
unconformity at the base of the Upper Devonian black shale which is 
commonly exhibited south of the Ohio River and to some extent north 
of that stream." 
The earliest Upper Devonian fauna in the province is the Cuboides 
fauna of the Tully limestone in New York, characterized by a totally 
new immigrant element in the Devonian faunas of the province, of which 
the brachiopod species Hypothyris cuboides is the most conspicuous 
representative. This fauna has been shown by Williams? to be closely 
allied to the Cuboides fauna of the European Devonian which initiates. 
the Upper Devonian of that continent. The Cuboides fauna in Amer- 
ica must have had a common origin with the same fauna in Europe, 
and the path of its immigration into the Eastern Continental Province 
of North America is commonly considered to have been by way of the 
Interior Continental Province. 
Following the Tully limestone in the northeastern portion of the 
province is the Genesee black shale with a meager fauna of which the 
Lingulas are the most conspicuous members. In the southern portion 
1 Data concerning this unconformity have been assembled by Foerste, Ky. Geol. 
Surv., Bull. No. 7, p. 129. 
2 Bull. G. S. A., I, 481-500. 
