206 STUART WELLER 
these Iowan beds, it seems safe to conclude that these higher Wapsi- 
pinicon beds are essentially equivalent in time with the Tully limestone 
of New York. Furthermore, almost the only fossil species in the 
lower Wapsipinicon beds is Martinia subumbona, which also is a 
common Tully limestone species. 
Another point of contact between the faunas of the lowan and the 
New York provinces is found in the faunas of the Lime Creek shales 
of Iowa and the High Point sandstone near Naples, N. Y. The High 
Point bed lies at the extreme top of the Portage in the New York 
section, and in a total fauna of 26 species, 14 are also present in the 
Lime Creek beds of Iowa.!. This large proportion of identical species 
may be considered as a sufficient basis for the essential correlation of 
the beds. 
If these two correlations are correct, a basis is established for the 
correlation of the entire Devonian series of Iowa, the Wapsipinicon 
being, in the main, the time equivalent of the later Hamilton of the 
New York section, its termination being essentially contemporaneous 
with the Tully limestone, the Cedar Valley being contemporaneous 
with the Portage group of New York, and the Lime Creek being 
contemporaneous with the closing stages of the Portage and the open- 
ing of the Chemung. There is no evidence whatever of the presence 
of any beds of Onondaga age in Iowa. 
The invertebrate faunas of the so-called Upper Devonian forma- 
tions of Iowa are less prolific than those of the Cedar Valley beds. 
The Lime Creek fauna includes a number of forms which are recurrent 
from the Independence shales near the base of the Wapsipinicon, a 
distribution which suggests the unity of the entire Devonian fauna of 
Iowa, and, further, that the Lime Creek is not far removed from the 
subjacent beds although there is apparently an unconformity between 
them. The State Quarry beds contain a number of distinctly Devon- 
ian brachiopods, among which may be mentioned Pugnax alta which 
also occurs in the Lime Creek shales, but the most conspicuous 
feature consists of the fish remains, Ptyctodus calceolus being the most 
abundant form. In the Sweetland Creek shales invercebrates are few 
in number, a species of Spathiocaris being perhaps the most common, 
a species which also occurs in the New Albany black shale of southern 
t Clarke, Bull. U. S. G. S., No. 16, p. 75. 
