382 REVIEWS 
represented in the district covered by the second volume, but there is an 
interesting difference in the relative extent of the Riss and the Mindel gla- 
ciations in the two districts. In the eastern district the moraines of the 
Mindel glaciation generally extend beyond the limits of the Riss, but in 
the western district the Riss usually marked a greater extent of glaciation. 
Briickner has suggested elsewhere that a considerable part of the Quater- 
nary uplift in the western Alps may have fallen in the Mindel-Riss inter- 
glacial time, and that this, rather than a greater depression of the snow line, 
accounts for the great extension of the Riss glaciation in that region. In 
the present discussion, however, the question is left open as to whether the 
Riss or the Mindel experienced the greatest depression of the snow line. 
Both glaciations were more extensive than the Wiirm and also than the 
Gunz. This western region is exceptionally favorable for studying the 
relations of the Quaternary fauna to glaciation, and also Paleolithic man 
in his geologic relations. The transformation of the fauna of the glacial 
period is found to correspond closely to the change from glacial to inter- 
glacial conditions. On the north side of the Alps there appears an Arcto- 
Alpine fauna characterized by the mammoth, wooly rhinoceros, and rein- 
deer, and an interglacial fauna characterized by the ancient elephant, 
Rhinoceros Mercki, and the deer. In Switzerland there is a sharp line sepa- 
rating the two Arcto-Alpine faunas from an intermediate interglacial fauna, 
though there are occasional occurrences of a mixing of the two faunas, for 
example of the deer and the reindeer. The geographic extension of the 
localities in which each of the Arcto-Alpine faunas occurs furnishes a basis 
for correlating their occurrences with stages of the glacial period. The 
older fauna comes up about to the limits of the Riss glaciation, while the 
younger fauna extends to the limits of the Wiirm, in fact it extends about 
to the limits of the Biihlstadium, and thus shows its‘ssomewhat close corre- 
spondence with the Wiirm glaciation. 
The stage of human culture apparently prevalent at the time of the 
Riss-Wiirm interglacial period is that designated the Moustérien. By the 
close of the Wiirm glaciation the culture had advanced through the Solu- 
tréen to the Magdalénien. What is regarded by Penck as the most impres- 
sive case of the occurrence of a Moustérien type of artifacts with an inter- 
glacial fauna came to notice subsequent to the publication of this volume, 
but is discussed by him in the eleventh or concluding Lieferung. It is known 
as the Wildkirchli locality and is found in the Ebenalp of the Santis, east 
of the upper Rhein and south of Wallen See. Explorations by Emil Bach- 
ler, of a cave which stood above the limits of glaciation in that region, at 
an altitude of about fifteen hundred meters, shows the presence of hundreds 
