492 REVIEWS 
along the shore from streams draining areas of the crystalline rocks to the 
north in which the metals were unequally distributed. The evidence sup- 
- porting this is, that certain ore basins resemble in shape the embayments at 
the mouths of streams, or drowned river valleys. Further, there are con- 
siderable quantities of mechanical sediments within them, but not else- 
where. The source of the reducing agents is the bituminous shale, ‘‘oil 
rock.” This rock contains only partially decomposed plants even now 
giving off complex hydrocarbons of great reducing power. This rock occurs 
in irregular patches which were probably determined by the unicellular 
plants accumulating in quiet protected places. As the rock decomposed 
the decrease in volume gave rise to small depressions in larger ones. The 
settling produced pitching crevices and features, which allowed circulation 
of volatile matter and solutions, the result being concentration of lead and 
zinc ores. Cale oe 
Tertiary Plants of British Columbia. Collected by L. M. Lambe in 
1906. Discussion of Previously Recorded Tertiary Floras. 
By D. P. PENHALLOW. Ottawa, 1908. 
The Tertiary deposits of western Canada are mainly in British Colum- 
bia, Alberta, and Saskatchewan, with important outliers to the northward 
and westward. Two hundred and seventy-one species and genera of plants 
were collected. They are of Eocene, Oligocene, and Miocene age. They 
fall into two groups, one distinctly Eocene, the other Miocene or Oligocene. 
Their stratigraphical distribution is given in a series of tables. Tertiary 
formations of B. C., at present, cannot be regarded as more recent than the 
Lower Miocene, the greater portion being Oligocene. Further the beds are 
superimposed in part upon the older Tertiary of Lower Eocene, Upper 
Laramie, Fort Union, or Lignite Tertiary age which immediately overlies 
the Cretaceous. These beds extended east as far as Turtle Mountain in 
Manitoba, but were separated from the western by the Rocky Mountain 
uplift in Miocene time. C.J. 
West Virginia Geological Survey. Vol. II (A), 1908. Supplementary 
Coal Report. By I. C. Wurre, State Geologist. 720 pp., map. 
The volume is largely a compilation of descriptions of many sections 
taken from the various coal-fields of the state. Certain errors in correlation 
in Vol. II are corrected. The stratigraphical position of the various coal- 
beds, formations, and series is chiefly determined by borings, from shafts, 
and by structural relations. The production of coal in the state has steadily 
increased since 1873, the product in 1907 being 48,091,583 short tons. 
(Cyilfg Jel 
