NEW PERMIAN VERTEBRATES 643 
perhaps represent what is left of the parasphenoid, which must 
in this case be far above the plane of the palatines and closely 
applied to the under side of the brain and its rhinencephalic 
anterior prolongation. The palatines, or the combined palatines 
and pterygoids, form a narrow horizontal shelf along each max- 
illa. The inner part of this shelf is thickened, so that its median 
border forms nearly a flat surface directed inward and downward, 
and separated by a depression or groove from the outer palatinal 
surface. Probably this portion represents the anterior prolongation 
of the pterygoids, but I can distinguish no trace of a suture between 
the two portions. The palatal shelf of the left side was crushed 
against the opposite side in the specimen, lying quite in contact 
nearly as far back as the orbits. There could not have been any 
median parasphenoid between the two parts, the angle anteriorly 
being acute and the palatines or vomers meeting and coming closely 
in contact anteriorly. The internal nares are oval vacuities situated 
nearly below the anterior part of the lateral facial vacuities. Just in 
front of the opening on each side and close to the margin of the 
mandible, as articulated, there is a large tooth, doubtless situated 
upon the vomer. ‘There are four large teeth upon the palatines, also 
attached so that they come closely in contact with the inner side of 
the mandible in the closed mouth. These teeth are in two pairs. 
The first pair, of which the anterior one is the smaller, are situated 
a little in front of the orbit, the apex of the larger tooth reaching 
nearly to the lower border of the mandible. It has a length of 22™™, 
with a width of r2 at its base. The posterior pair, of nearly equal 
length, measuring about 12™™ each, are also closely applied to the 
inner side of the mandible a little back of the middle of the orbit. 
Teeth—There are twenty-five or twenty-six teeth in each of the 
upper series, and about the same number in each mandible. Six of 
these, of rather small size, are attached to the premaxilla in front of 
the lateral narial opening. The longest measures 8™™. The largest 
of the maxillary teeth are situated back of the middle of the narial 
vacuity, two of them measuring 14 and 15™™ in length, by 5™™ in 
diameter at their base. 
The mandible is rather slender, with a short symphysis, where 
the somewhat expanded bones form a shallow but short trough, the 
