668 HARRY FIELDING REID 
becomes effective in an advance of the ice. In the Maurienne also 
the retreat is general. In the Dauphiné observations have shown 
very heavy snowfalls and continued retreat of the glaciers.' 
Pyrenees.—In the Pyrenees the heavy snowfalls covered the small 
glaciers so completely that satisfactory observations could not be 
made. 
Norway.—A marked change has occurred in the glaciers of Jotun- 
heim; in 1904-5 only six of these were advancing and seventeen 
were retreating. In 1905-6 seven were advancing and the same 
number retreating. In 1906~—7 fifteen were advancing and only three 
retreating. In the region of Jostedal and Folgefon the advance, 
which began earlier, continues to hold its own.’ 
Russia.—Two glaciers in the Caucasus seem to be in retreat; 
but the Midagrawin and Devdorak, in the Kasbek group, are 
apparently advancing. The latter glacier is extremely interesting 
as it has been the cause of many disasters in the Dariel pass. 
In southern Asia all the glaciers observed are retreating but in the 
western Pamir the snowfall seems to have increased markedly.4 
Canada.—The observations of the Messrs. Vaux show that a 
number of glaciers, namely, the Illecillewaet, the Asulkan, the 
Victoria, and the Yoho, have all retreated in 1906-7, and some of 
them very strongly. The Asulkan and the Victoria had been 
approximately stationary for several years.* 
Himalaya.—The Geological Survey of India has undertaken 
to survey the ends of the great Himalayan glaciers for the purpose 
of determining their variations, so that we may expect definite results 
before very long.° 
REPORT ON THE GLACIERS OF THE UNITED STATES FOR 19087 
The Big Timber Glacier in the Crazy Mountains of Montana 
was visited in 1907 by Messrs. Wolff and Mansfield. The general 
Report of M. Ch. Rabot. 3 Report of M. P. A. Oyen. 
2 Thid. 4 Report of Colonel J. de Schokalsky. 
5 Report of MM. George and William S. Vaux. 
© Report of Mr. Douglas W. Freshfield. 
7 A synopsis of this report will appear in the Fourteenth Annual Report of the 
International Committee. The report on the glaciers of the United States for the year 
1907 was given in this Journal, Vol. XVI, pp. 666-68. 
