722 J. W. BEEDE 
These figures are by no means expressive of the faunal character 
of Series IV, especially the part lying above Stage J. The nature of 
this fauna is such as to separate it sharply from any Pennsylvanian 
fauna known to me. For the characteristic fossils of the series as 
a whole we must add the “ Permo-Carbon”’ micro-foraminiferal fauna 
described by Spandel,’ probably from the Neva limestone, Orbicu- 
loidea manhattanensis, Pugnax swallowana (Hall and Clarke’s iden- 
tity), Meekopora prosseri, and Thamniscus octonarius. 
Considered as a whole the fauna of Series IV, however closely 
or remotely the individual species may be related to those of other 
regions, certainly exhibits the same general aspect as the Permian 
(including the Artinsk and Permo-Carboniferous) of England, 
Germany, and Russia. 
Series IV is regarded as the equivalent of the Permo-Carboniferous 
of Europe which is classed by most European geologists as the lowest 
division of the Permian. Stages I and J are, perhaps, debatable 
ground on account of the great preponderance of Pennsylvanian 
species. However, the loss of 179 species (two-thirds its fauna) 
during the latter part of Series III and the introduction of distinctive 
Permian elements are considered as strong evidence pointing to the 
initiation of Permian conditions. If this is supplemented by similar 
plant evidence it should be referred to the Permian. 
The Wellington is unquestionably referable to the Permian in the 
narrowest sense of the word and the Marion probably may be. 
THE NORTH URALIAN SECTION 
The Anthracolithic section of the Ural-Timen region of north- 
eastern European Russia is as follows: The “Middle Carbonif- 
erous,’’ Omphalotrochus horizon, Productus-Cora horizon, Schwager- 
ina horizon, Artinskian, and Permian. The Artinskian constitutes 
the “ Permo-Carboniferous”’ of Russia. The uppermost division 
of the Carboniferous is the Schwagerina horizon below which is the 
Productus-Cora—“ Cora’’ of ‘Tschernyschew—horizon. ‘These two 
are sometimes referred to as the Fusulina limestone, and the lower 
as the Gschelian. Below them lies the Omphalotrochus horizon 
« “T)ie Foram. des Permo-Carbon von Hooser,”’? Kans., N. Amer., Abhl. der 
Naturh. Gesellsch. in Ntirnberg, pp. (on separate) I-20, IgoT. 
