p. TF. Stuart-Menfeath—The Ophite of Biarritz. 23 



insensibly passes to tlie Nummulitic sandstones of the Biarritz cliffs. 

 But at Fontarabia all formations are inclined at 15°, and the red and 

 green clays that irregularly occur towards the junction of Eocene 

 and Cretaceous are here, as along the whole thirty miles to Zumaya, 

 obviously normal beds of Eocene or Cretaceous, whose vivid 

 coloration and lithologic character explain these supposed intrusions 

 of the Trias. The clearly local character of the sharp plications and 

 dislocations is proved along thirty miles ; the incorrectness of 

 assuming the same to be gigantic faults at Biarritz is hence 

 apparent. But many years ago I further urged the fact that the 

 opposed dips and strikes, regularly quoted at Caseville as proof of 

 a gigantic fault, are visibly local and gradually vanish towards the 

 ' fault,' — which fault is moreover inferred logically from the erroneous 

 supposition of Jacquot that its continuation at Fontarabia is indicated 

 by a recurrence of Cretaceous, marked as such on every map except 

 mine of Comptes Eendus Ac. Sc. of June, 1894, and that published 

 in 1900 by the author of the Spanish Geol. Survey map of 1884. 

 The Nummulites found at Pasages w^ere recognized as unquestionable 

 by Munier-Chalmas and other special authorities. As such decisive 

 points are ignored in the entire discussion, and as the geologist vpho 

 concludes it has classed the Flysch as Cenomanien by fossils at 

 Gotein whose head and tail project on opposite sides of the decom- 

 posed limestone rolled pebbles that contain them, I need hardly 

 discuss the siliceous Orhitolina which occur in the Flysch con- 

 glomerates, both beneath the Danien at Ciboure and above the 

 Danien at Caseville, in rolled pebbles of that Cenomanien limestone 

 whose outcrops to the south bristle with those indestructible 

 organisms. From the central Pyrenees to the Ocean I have found 

 Hippurites, Plagtopticus, and other shells of Turonien character in 

 the uppermost beds of the Cenomanien limestone, w^hich is the usual 

 basis of the Flysch. My best collection of Turonien fossils is from 

 the base of the Flysch of Eoncesvalles and Oroz, which visibly 

 overlies the Cenomanien limestone. M. Seunes discovered in my 

 Cenomanien both Gault and Lower Aptien, respectively characterized 

 by two names of one shell, found by both Sowerby and Davidson in 

 the Cenomanien, but at first inadvertently christened with a name 

 already monopolized by a Jurassic brachiopod. 



South of Zumaya the red Danien and the Senonien of Bidart, 

 largely worked at both places for cement, rest normally, as at 

 Biarritz, on the Turonien Flysch. From beneath this rise irregular 

 bosses of Cenomanien limestone, which, precisely as at Arette, 

 Atheray, and many intermediate places, furnish a black and a flesh- 

 coloured marble abounding in characteristic fossils. The polished 

 slabs which line the sanctuary of Loyola, and are largely employed 

 in the neighbourhood, present innumerable sections of Radiolites 

 Cantabricus, Douville, R. foliaceus, Lamk., and other shells which, 

 here as elsewhere, prove a Cenomanien age. In the recurrence of 

 the Flysch above this limestone between Loyola and Zumarraga, 

 I have counted fourteen intrusions of ophite in eight miles of the 

 road. These intrusions, together with intermediate slices of usually 



