Trof. N. 0. Hold — Writing Chalk of Scania, Sweden. 57 



transported masses or boulders (ScJiollen), up to 850 metres long, 

 SOO metres broad, and 15 metres thick, which, are embedded in 

 the glacial deposits. 



The true bed-rock of the district is the ' Saltholms Limestone,' 

 i.e. a Chalk newer than the ' Writing Chalk.' The ' Saltholms Lime- 

 stone' is not reached at a less depth than 33 to 70 metres, while the 

 "■ Writing Chalk ' is met with at a couple of metres below the surface. 



The transported masses of ' Writing Chalk ' seem at first glance 

 to be almost intact and undisturbed. But when more closely 

 •examined, they are found to be crushed and to form a brecciated 

 chalk ; and further, it is seen that the flint-bands are ground to 

 pieces, that the thin clayey partings of the Chalk are slightly con- 

 torted, and that the moraines (boulder-clay) and the glacial gravels 

 are sporadically carried down and sometimes squeezed into the 

 Ohalk to a considerable depth. Still more remarkable is the 

 occurrence of portions of the antlers of Gerviis elaphus, which are 

 •occasionally found entirely isolated in this Chalk ; in one case, 

 -a piece of antler of this kind was found at a depth of 6 metres from 

 the surface of the ' Writing Chalk.' 



The transported masses of the 'Writing Chalk' rest upon the 



^ lower moraine ' ('lower boulder-clay'). In a few instances they 



are also covered by this moraine, but as a rule their covering consists 



• of the 'upper moraine' ('upper boulder-clay') and fluvio-glacial 



deposits. 



The phenomena in the Tullstorp district have been compared by 

 the author with the much discussed phenomena of similar character 

 at Moen, Eiigen, and Finkenwalde, and with the numerous transported 

 masses or ' Schollen ' which are found at so many places among the 

 glacial deposits of Northern Germany. The resemblance between 

 the mode of occurrence of these masses and that of the displaced 

 ^ Cyprina-clsLy ' has also been discussed, and for several reasons, 

 partly borrowed from the well-known paper of Johnstrup on this 

 deposit, the author has concluded that the ' Cyprina-G\a.j ' is decidedly 

 pre-Glacial. 



The bearing of these facts as an argument against the hypothesis 

 of an Interglacial Period will now be summarized. 



The ' Writing Chalk ' of Tullstorp occurs under the same conditions 

 as many of the so-called ' Interglacial ' deposits, i.e. between the two 

 moraines (boulder-clays). But if we are to regard these morainic 

 deposits as two separate ground-moraines belonging to two distinct 

 Glacial episodes, there would be no good reason for refusing to 

 assign the ' Writing Chalk ' to an ' Interglacial ' period, along with 

 the other so-called ' Interglacial ' beds which occur under the same 

 conditions. The author holds, however, that only the ' lower 

 moraine ' is true ground-moraine, and that the ' upper moraine ' 

 •consists of material which was originally incorporated in the ice- 

 sheet as ' internal moraine ' and was set free on the melting of it^ 

 lower part. Indeed, the two moraines are so dissimilar in character 

 that if, as is generally acknowledged, the lower deposit is a ground- 

 moraine, the upper must have had a different origin. 



