A Betrospeci of Pnheontologij for Fortij Years. 103 



Lankester, now Director of the British Museum of Natural History, 

 began in 1867 to write on fossil fishes, and, described a new 

 Cephalaspid (probably an Aiichenaspis from Malvern); Didymaspis 

 Grindrodi from the Lower Old Eed of Ledbury ; a new Ceplia- 

 laspis (C. Dawsoni) discovered in Lower Devonian beds, Gaspe 

 Bay, Canada (1870) ; and on Pteraspis and Scaphaspis (1873-74). 

 In 1873 Professor Dr. Frederic Schmidt had a note on Pteraspis 

 Kneri, pointing out that Scaphaspis is the ventral shield of Pteraspisl 

 Lankester wrote also (in 1873) on Holaspis sericeus from the 

 Cornstones of Abergavenny, and on the relationships of Pteraspis, 

 CyatJiaspis, and Scaphaspis; and on Holaspis (p. 331) and Pteraspis 

 (p. 478). J. E. Lee described (1882) some Pteraspidean plates from 

 the Devonian of Gerolstein, in the Eifel ; and H. Woodward (1881) 

 figured a head - shield of the genus Zenaspis from Old Eed, 

 Abergavenny. An old and highly esteemed member of the Staff of 

 the Geological Department, William Davies, in 1871 contributed 

 a catalogue of the type - specimens of fossil fishes in the British 

 Museum. (A list of the ' types ' in the Egerton Collection appeared 

 in 1869, and those of the Enniskillen Collection in the same year. 

 Both these most valuable collections have been acquired for the 

 nation, and are now added to the Geological Department.) An 

 important paper by William Davies was published in 1872 on the 

 rostral prolongations of Squaloraia polyspondyla, Ag., from the 

 Lower Lias of Lyme Eegis ; these are organs for holding the female, 

 being only present in the male, and correspond to the rostral 

 claspers of the male Chimeeridse. The frontal spine and rostro-labial 

 cartilages of Squaloraia and Chimcera formed the subject of an 

 important paper by 0. M. Eeis in 1895, in which a large amount of 

 anatomical details was given, with careful figures and sections. 

 Mr. Davies wrote also (1878) on Saurocephaliis lanciformis and 

 S. Woodwardii from the Chalk of Kent and Sussex, and on Pholido- 

 phorus purbechensis and P. brevis from the Purbeck of Dorset. 

 E. G. H. Day (1864) described and figured a very beautiful and 

 perfect jaw of Aci-odus Anningim, and dorsal spines belonging to the 

 same shark, which must have been closely related to the living Port 

 Jackson shark, having the mouth provided with numerous rows 

 of crushing teeth (known by the quarry men as 'fossil slugs'). 

 Sir Philip Egerton (1877) defined four species of Pycnodonts : 

 Ccelodus ellipticus, Gault, Folkestone ; C. gyrodoides, Greensand, near 

 Lyme ; Pycnodus Bowerbanlcii and P. pachyrhimis, both from the 

 London Clay, Sheppey ; illustrated by two excellent plates. James 

 Powrie, of Eeswallie, Forfarshire, wrote (1867) on the genus Cheiro- 

 lepis from the Old Eed Sandstone. T. P. Barkas figured teeth of 

 Ctenodus from the Coal Shale of Newsham Colliery ; and our old 

 colleague, Professor John Morris, figured and described jEchmodus 

 orbicidaris from the Lias of Lyme Eegis. The Eev. Professor 

 E. E. Lewis, of the Syrian Protestant College, Beirut, gave 

 (in 1878) an excellent account of the localities in the Cretaceous 

 beds of the Lebanon where fossil fishes could be obtained. His 

 collection from Hakel and Sahel Alma now enriches the British 



