152 A Retrospect of Palwontology for Forty Years. 



In the same year Dr. A. Leith Adams gave an account of the 

 first discovery, in 1857, by Dr. S. Agius, of the bones and teeth 

 of fossil elephants, associated with the great dormouse, Myoxiis 

 melitensis, in the Gandia Fissure, Malta. But the best-preserved 

 remains of the pigmy elephant were obtained by Captain Spratt, 

 K.N., from the Zebbug Cave in 1859. 



In 1867 Professor Sir Frederick McCoy noticed the occurrence 

 of Squalodon WiUcinsoni, from the Miocene Tertiary of Victoria, 

 Australia, a primitive whale with teeth provided with bicuspid 

 fangs. Teeth of this whale have also been found in the Ked Crag 

 of Suffolk, in Malta, France, and North America. 



Henry Woodward, in 1864. described the discovery and exhumation 

 of a skull and tusks of Elephas primigenius from the Brick-earth at 

 Ilford in Essex, and in 1868 figured the skull and tusks in order 

 to show that their normal curvature in the aged Mammoth was 

 inwards at their extremities, not outwards, as had hitherto been 

 depicted by Waterhouse, Hawkins, and others. In 1869, under the 

 title of " Man and the Mammoth," the same writer gave an account 

 of the animals found associated with early man in Britain during pre- 

 historic times, in which a table was also given of the species which 

 are extinct or have been killed, have migrated or are still living in 

 this country. An article in the same year recorded the animals 

 found in the fresh-water deposits of the Valley of the Lea near 

 Walthamstow, Essex. 



In 1871 Henry Woodward described the Mammoth skeleton from 

 Lierre, Belgium, set up in the Royal Museum of Natural History at 

 Brussels, and gave a brief account of the other objects of interest in 

 that collection. In 1874 the same writer gave an account of the very 

 perfect skull of Bhinoceros leptorhinus, from the Pleistocene Brick- 

 earth of the Valley of the Thames at Ilford. The author pointed out 

 that Falconer's name of B. hcemitechis must give place to Owen's 

 B. leptorhinus, inasmuch as the species had a completely ossified 

 nasal septum. In 1885 he recorded the addition to the British 

 Museum of a nearly complete skeleton of Steller's sea-cow, Bhytina 

 gigas, from Behring Island, and a restored skeleton of Halitherium 

 Schinzi, from the Miocene of Hessen Darmstadt, and he pointed out 

 that at present the living Sirenia were all confined within a band 

 30° north and 30° south of the equator, but in late Tertiary times 

 they extended to 60° north, about 28 species being met with in 

 North America, England, France, Belgium, Holland, Italy, Germany, 

 and North Africa; affording additional evidence, if such were required, 

 of the former northern extension of warmer conditions of climate in 

 Europe in the near past. 



In 1886 H. Woodward gave an account of recent and fossil 

 Hippopotami. In 1898 he described the great red -deer antlers 

 from Bakewell, Derbyshire ; a year later he figured the skull and 

 tusks of the famous Mephas ganesa, which forms so striking an 

 object in the centre of the Geological Gallery of tlie British Museum 

 (Natural History). In 1903 he noticed some recent cave-hunting 

 in Cyprus by Miss Dorothy M. A. Bate. 



