188 Reports and Proceedings — Geological Soviet g of London. 



The President also announced that Professor T, G. Bonney, Sc.D., 

 F.R.S., and Mr. H. W. Monckton, F.L.S., would represent the 

 Society at General McMahon's funeral on the following day. 



The President stated that Professor Lapworth had written, 

 thanking the Fellows for their kind expression of sympathy with 

 liim in his illness, and for the telegram despatched to him in 

 the course of the annual general meeting. 



The following communications were read : — 



1. " Eocene and Later Formations surrounding the Dardanelles." 

 By Lieut.-Col. Thomas English, late R.E., F.G.S. 



Our present knowledge of the older rocks, upon which the 

 Tertiary beds surrounding the Dardanelles rest, only suffices to 

 indicate the positions of the outcrops of a succession of schists, 

 ■crystalline limestones, granites, and serpentines, which can be 

 traced from the /Egean district into the Marmora, where they 

 formed an archipelago in the Eocene sea. 



The Eocene deposits surrounding these old rocks commence with 

 sandstones, conglomerates, and clays, which become calcareous and 

 nummulitic upward, and are about 2,000 feet thick in the aggregate. 

 They are succeeded by 3,000 feet of lacustrine sandstones, clays, 

 and schists, interstratilied with volcanic rocks, and containing coal- 

 seams. These beds have yielded Anthracollierium, plant-remains, 

 and Corhicnia semistriata at tlie coal-liorizou, which is near the 

 middle of the series. They are widely spread in Southern Thrace, 

 and are cut off to the eastward by the falling-in of the Marmora 

 sea-bed. The author has traced them along the Gallipoli Peninsula 

 to Imbros Island — Lemnos and Samothrake are partly composed 

 of similar beds ; and he considers that all these deposits represent 

 the uppermost Eocene and the Oligocene, and that the coal-seams 

 belong to the latter. 



The folding of the Lower Tertiary strata is plainly marked, and 

 prolongs the direction of the Greek ' flysch '-deposits into the 

 Marmora, forming basins in which the Miocene beds accumulated. 



Thei'e are three main folds, all passing east - north - eastward 

 through the Eocene channel between the old rocks of Thrace and 

 those of the Troad. 



The central fold developed farther eastward in post-Sarmatic 

 times, rising into a ridge at Dohau Asian, which dammed the outlet 

 for the Marmora water to the west, and was the proximate cause of 

 the formation of the Bosphorus in the Pontic Period, and of the 

 Dardanelles at the end of the Pliocene. Volcanic eruptions were 

 prolonged from Cretaceous to Miocene times in Thrace, Imbros, 

 Lemnos, and Mitylene. Strati Island is entirely volcanic, and the 

 greater part of Imbros also. 



Marine Miocene (Helvetian to Tortonian) deposits appear north 

 of the Gulf of Xeros and in the Marmora, and are probably vestiges 

 of a Lower Miocene sea connection between the Ponto-Caspian and 

 the Mediterranean. 



Sarmatic deposits, first fresh- water, then marine, result from the 



