JR. J. L. Gitppp — Foraminifera of Trinidad. 243 



be so ; but if so, Lingidina comes earlier on the line of development 

 still, retaining more of a frondicularian character than Nodosaria. 

 But I could not assert that any of these forms are on the exact line 

 of development : they each represent side branches of such a line of 

 which Nodosaria is the last and highest development in its own 

 direction. Cristellaria, Frondicidaria, Uvigerina (including Sagrina) 

 are forms which have branched out of the main line of development 

 between Polymorphina and Nodosaria. 



I should doubt if the fig. 16 of pi. Ixv of the ''Challenger" 

 Eeport is Lingidina carinata ; it looks more like a Nodosaria. Goes 

 gives a good figure ("Caribean Rhizopoda," pi. i, fig. 67). Brady's 

 figs. 14, 15 of pi. Ixv have the fissurine aperture of the typical 

 Lingidina, while 16, 17 have the polymorphine aperture. 



This will be an appropriate place to refer to the resemblance 

 between Fissiirina and Lingulina. On consulting Eeuss's monograph 

 of Lagena (1862, Taf. vi and vii) I noticed at once the resemblance 

 of the aperture and other features of Fissurina to GonatospJim-a, 

 &,nd I find since that Goes (Carib. Ehiz., p. 58) considers Fissurina 

 to be the young of Litigulina. I am not by any means sure that this 

 is not so ; iDut the young of Gonatosphcera, while possessing the slit- 

 like aperture, difi'ers from Fissurina in being spherical instead of 

 compressed. 



Eemakks on Nodosarid^. 



Dentalina is not a genus at all, as has been shown by Parker, 

 Brady, Eupert Jones, and Carpenter. Indeed, it is not even a variety. 

 Yet, while maintaining Dentalina as a group distinct from Nodosaria, 

 rhizopodists formerly included under the latter name several entirely 

 distinct forms which are now known under different generic names, 

 e.g., Lituola (Maplostiche) , Beophax, Clavidina, Pleurostomella, 

 Ellipsoidina, etc. Possibly a form like that I have named 

 Stilostomella may have been the original of Linne's N. radicida. 

 Even so lately as 1882 Goes (whose splendid memoirs on Caribean, 

 Arctic, and Scandinavian Ehizopoda are so highly to be valued) has 

 included Nubecularia under the name of Nodosaria (see Carib. Ehiz., 

 pi. i, figs. 4, 6, 7). 



Ludwig Ehumbler (in Verhandlung der deutsclien zoologischen 

 Gesellschaft, 1897) has pointed out the distinguishing characters of 

 .Nubecularia and the relationships of that form, which is admittedly 

 distinct from Nodosaria. He there explains clearly the transition 

 of OplitJialmidium on the one hand into Spirolocidina, and on the other 

 into Nuheculai-ia. His explanation is well supported by the facts. 

 And here we may ask if Articidina is not the same generically as 

 Nubecularia ? 



AmfMcoryne is no more a genus than Dentalina. It is simply 

 a Nodosaria in which the embryonic character of Polymorphina 

 passing into Cristellaria has been retained until a late stage in the 

 growth of the organism. And it is this occasional persistence of an 

 embryonic character which shows us the true phylogeny of an 

 organism, in this case Nodosaria, as indicated in my paper of 1894 

 (P.Z.S.). 



