Br. Wheetton Hind — Lower Calm of North Devon. 397 



-siliceous rocks of light fawn colour, with numerous chert bands, 

 here decomposed, strongly recall Coddon Hill Beds. These lie 

 above the beds seen in Pen Hill quarry, and in the upper portion 

 of them, 90 yards from the wall of Gaydon's Cottage, occurs 

 Fosidonomya Beeheri in abundance. A short distance further south 

 the Black Posidonomya limestones have been worked. 



On the foreshore west of Fremington Station are beds dipping 

 50° S. which have a Coddon Hill character ; they are apparently 

 on the top of the limestone band in Pen Hill quarry, which crops 

 out on the shore at low water. This would make the succession at 

 Fremington as follows : — 



Fosidonoini/a Beeheri luimestones Veuu Limestones. 



Dark shales with F. Beeheri. 



Lighter-coloured shales Avith cherts \ 



Baud of limestone ^ Coddon Hill Beds. 



Shales ) 



Fossiliferous shales Passage beds. 



Pilton series Upper Devonian. 



Following the beds along the strike westward, no beds of Coddon 

 Hill type are to be seen between the Fremington limestones and the 

 Middle Culm beds at Instow. 



The beds at Instow are of great importance ; they consist of 

 a series of sandstones, shales, and clays, including calcareous nodules 

 crammed with fossils. I was fortunate enough to find two species 

 which had not previously been recorded from these beds. 



Pterinopeeten papijraceus, Sow., sp. Dimorphoceras Gilhertsoni, Phill., sp. 



Fosidoniella lavis, Brown, sp. Ccelacanthiis elegans. 



Gastrioceras Lisferi, Martin, sp. Monichthys Aitkeni, 

 Gasirioceras carbonarium, V. Buch., sp. 



These beds seem to succeed the sandstones and shales at the base 

 of the Middle Culm, and the fauna indicates unmistakably the Lower 

 Coal-measures of the horizon of the Bullion Mine of Lancashire. 



Quarries between Instow, and Bideford show indurated clays, 

 shales, and grits, which have a very familiar aspect to anyone well 

 acquainted with the Coal-measures of the Midlands. 



Roberts' Quarr^^ east of Bideford, is an important horizon, because 

 here in indurated clay and fawn-coloured shales abundant plant- 

 remains occur, which are identical with ferns and plants found in 

 the Coal-measures of the Midlands. Immediately above the plant- 

 bed is an indurated light-coloured clay, with iron stains in its joints, 

 in which the typical Coal-measure shell Carbonicola acuta is not 

 uncommon. Unfortunately, time did not allow further work in the 

 beds above the Lower Culm, but the fauna and flora bear out 

 Sedgwick's view (op. supra cit., p. 682), " The Upper Culm strata 

 of Devon are the geological equivalents of the ordinary Bristol 

 coalfields." 



Palcsoiitology. — The fossils of the Lower Culm are, with the 

 exception of some new species of Trilobites described by Dr. Henry 

 Woodward, not confined to Devonshire, but are known to have 

 a fairly definite and constant distribution in other Carboniferous areas. 



