Dr. Wheelton Hind — Lower Culm of North Devon. 399 



This is so, the beds forming the base of the Pendleside series. It 

 occurs in the Lower Culm only in beds of the Coddon Hill type. 



Climnocardiola Footii is a shell always associated with a lower 

 Pendleside faiana in the Midlands and Ireland ; its occurrence in 

 the Lower Culm of Hannaford quarry is important. Mr. J. G-. 

 Hamling has some fragments in his collection, but I was particularly 

 fortunate to find two valves in the trilobite beds of Hannaford 

 quarry. In my monograph on British Carboniferous Lamellibranchs, 

 vol. i, p. 476, I quoted Coal-measures as the horizon for this species. 

 I think Eoscliff, co. Clare, is below that horizon, and should be 

 Pendleside series. 



Prolecanites compressus. — Although I feel strongly the value of this 

 species as a zonal form, there is no doubt that it is not absolutely 

 confined to the base of the Pendleside series, for it occurs in the 

 Carboniferous Limestone of Little Island, co. Cork, and in the lower 

 limestones of Scarlett Quarry, Isle of Man. Still, there is a definite 

 and well-defined series of rocks, of no very great thickness, 

 immediately at the base of the Pendleside series, which is characterised 

 by this shell, and it does occur below shales and black limestones 

 with Posidonomya Becheri. 



Nomismoceras spirorbis. — The type of this species was obtained 

 from the Black limestone of Black Hall, Bolland, Pendleside series ; 

 and it is of great interest to note that the strike of the beds 

 and their relation to the Millstone Grits at Black Hall would make 

 these beds below a series quarried at Cold Coates which contain 

 P. Becheri in abundance. 



Pericydus, sp. — I have obtained similar examples from the 

 Pendleside series of Yorkshire and the Lower Culm. 



Trilobites. — Dr. H. Woodward described two Trilobites from the 

 base of the Pendleside series (R. Hodder, Geol. Mag., 1894, Dec. IV, 

 Vol. I, pp. 481-489), Phillipsia Polleni and P. Van-der-Grachtii. 

 Subsequently I found the latter associated with Prolecanites compressus 

 at Ashbury quarry, Cheshire, and Dr. H. Woodward recognises 

 P. Polleni, though with some hesitation, in the chertv beds of Coddon 

 Hill (Geol. Mag., 1902, Dec. IV, Vol. IX, p. 482). " It is important, 

 however, to note the occurrence of species of Trilobites at the horizon 

 of the base of the Pendleside series and Lower Culm, the majority 

 of which do not occur in the Carboniferous Limestone. 



Brachiopoda. — There is no very important evidence afforded by 

 the Brachiopoda found in the Lower Culm and Pendleside series, 

 I have always regarded the varieties of Chonetes occurring in the Culm 

 of Germany and described under different names to show no greater 

 difference from each other than is found to obtain amongst a number 

 of individuals collected from the same bed and horizon. Certain 

 species of Productus may be peculiar, but unfortunately the specimens 

 are not well enough preserved to say whether the differences are 

 due to dwarfing and crushing or to specific characters. All the other 

 Brachiopods, Dlscina nitida, Leptcena analoga, Ortliotetes crenistria, 

 Athyris ambigiia, occur at many horizons in the whole Carboniferous 

 series. 



DECADE V. — VOL. I. — NO. VIII. 23 



