402 Dr. Wheelton Hind — Lower Culm of North Devon. 



Limestone series, but are specially plentiful in the upper shelly 

 limestone of Derbyshire, Stafiordshire, and Yorkshire. 



Palasontological evidence is therefore decidedly strong in favour 

 of the Posidonomya Becheri beds overlying the Coddon Hill Beds, 

 especially when such a sequence of fossil zones is found to obtairi 

 over large areas at a distance. 



The occurrence of flinty deposits at a definite horizon in the 

 Carboniferous beds may be adduced for what it is worth. In 

 Wensleydale the chert beds come on immediately on the top of 

 the Yoredale series. In Derbyshire and Yorkshire the chert horizon 

 is found at the base of the Pendleside series. At Bishopton, near 

 Gower, a series of white cherty beds, containing Trilobites and 

 Brachiopoda, occur on the top of the upper beds of the Carboniferous 

 Limestone, the Oystermouth Beds. The cherty beds are here overlain 

 by black shales, with Posidoniella Icevis and Glyphioceras hilinyue, 

 fossils which occur low down in the Pendleside series. These cherty 

 beds are, I believe, homotaxial with the Coddon Hill Beds. Similar 

 cherty beds, but much less well developed, are to be seen at Clavier, 

 near Dinant, in Belgium, where a typical lower Pendleside fauna, 

 Prolecanites compressiis and Ch(snocardiola Foolii, etc., is obtained 

 The beds at Clavier rest in hollows in the Carboniferous Limestone, 

 and are therefore on the horizon of the Pendleside series, a fact 

 which cannot be doubted if the collection of fossils made by the 

 Geological Survey of Belgium, and now placed in the Musee Eoyale 

 at Brussels, is examined. I was enabled by the kindness of Professor 

 Dupont, Director of that Museum, to study all the fossils collected 

 from Clavier, and I identified the following. It was, however, 

 impossible for me to determine in what position they occurred in situ, 

 but it is doubtless on record. 



FhUlipsn, pp., with long cheek spines. Orthoccras, sp. 



PseudamiisiuitifibriUosum. Prolecanites compressiis. 



PosidoiiieUa keris. Ghjphioceras bilingite. 



Posidonomya niembranacea. Glyphioceras spirale. 



Pferonitcs angustatus. ? G. diadema. 



Chcenocardiola Footii. Ccelonmitihis sulcatus. 



Athyris ambigna. Lestracantlms Beyriclm. 



Chonetes Laguessiana. Crinoid joints. 



Prodiictus scabriculus. Plant remains. 

 Proditcfus semireticiilatus. 



And from shales at Vise I determined 



Posidonomya Becheri. 

 Pterinopecten papyracejts. 

 Posidoniella Icevis. 



Whether or not the Coddon Hill Beds are below the Posidonomytt; 

 limestones, it cannot be denied that the palaeontological evidence 

 shows that the Lower Culm is the homotaxial equivalent of the 

 Pendleside series, and that the Instow Beds indicate Lower Coal- 

 measures, and the Carbonicola acuta and plant beds near Bideford 

 represent Coal-measures of a higher horizon. The Culm series, then, 

 represents the whole Upper Carboniferous series of the Midlands, 

 and in this case the idea of workable coal being found in Devonshire 



