564 Berieics — Geology of f/ie Transvaal. 



has been thoroughly revised, yet a great deal of the original text has 

 been retained. Moreover, Professor Gregory, whose sympathies may 

 be considered to lean towards the astronomical side of physiography^ 

 has very fairly upheld the balance of power allotted by Huxley to- 

 the claims of the several sciences concerned in the subject. Physio- 

 graphy is thus kept well within its legitimate bounds of Earth- 

 knowledge, or, strictly speaking, Nature-knowledge, despite the 

 tendency, as Professor Lapworth observed last year in his address 

 to the Geological Society, for " Physiography to embrace much that 

 truly belongs to Astronomy." Professor Gregory, indeed, commences 

 his work in a way that must delight Professor Lapworth, by dealing 

 with " Maps and Map-reading," a subject eminently fitted to interest 

 and instruct, but hitherto strangely neglected in all spheres of society. 

 The chapter on " Geological Structure and History " contains 

 many effective pictures, but here and there some emendation is 

 required in the text. AVe are at a loss to interpret fig. 234, 

 " Greensand with boulders at Headington, 2\- miles below Oxford." 

 The ' Lower Greensand ' of Shotover Hill, by Headington, rests on 

 Portlandian beds with huge ' doggers ' ; and at a lower level there is 

 Kimeiidge Clay resting on the Coral Han Limestone, strata that answer 

 better to the figure than to the legend attached to it. On the same 

 page (3ol) it is stated that " the hills of Middlesex are formed of 

 London Clay," whereas Stanmore Hill, the highest ground, is capped 

 by gravel ; Hendon, Finchley, and Muswell Hill, by gravel and 

 boulder-clay ; Harrow, Hampstead, and Highgate, by I3agshot sand. 

 On the next page we find Edge Hill included among the escarpments 

 of the Oolites, whereas, to be precise, it is a scarp of Marlstone or 

 Middle Lias. These, however, are but trifling defects that may^ 

 readily be put right in a new edition. 



"V. — Geological Survey of the Transvaal: Eeport for the 



YEAR 1903. (Pretoria, 1904. Price 7s. 6d.) 

 rpHE Geological Survey of the Transvaal, as organized under the 

 X_ British Government, was constituted in February, 1903, under 

 the direction of Mr. Herbert Kynaston, B.A., F.G.S. The present 

 report deals with the first year's field-work carried on by the 

 Director and two geologists, Mr. E. T. Mellor, B.Sc, F.G.S., and 

 Mr. A. L. Hall, B.A., F.G.S. It is a folio work of 48 pages, 

 accompanied by 24 plates of pictorial views, sections, plans, and 

 colour-printed maps, all admirably rendered. The area chosen for 

 survey was that to the east of Pretoria, boixlering the railway as 

 far east as Balmoral on the way to Middelburg ; and the main 

 results of the field-work are depicted on a map on the scale of 

 about 2^ miles to an inch. The older stratified rocks include 

 (1) a Dolomite Series, (2) shales and quartzites grouped as the 

 Pretoria Series, (3) the Waterherg Sandstones and covgJomerates, 

 (4) the Karroo System, comprising glacial conglomerate, coal- 

 measures, etc., and (5) alluvial deposits-. Granite, felsite, syenite, 

 elaeolite-syenite, diabase, and volcanic breccia are likewise repre- 

 sented. Evidence is brought forward to show that there is 



