Dr. Wheelton Hind — Equivalents of the Culm. 585' 



and in North Staffordshire and Derbyshire, and my specimens have 

 been kindly identified by Dr. Vaughan, with the exception of Leptena 

 analoga, and they occur, not only in typical Pendleside beds, in the 

 type area, but Dr. Vaughan recognises the following species in 

 a small collection I made at Bishopton, north of Oystermouth, 

 Glamorganshire : — 



Chonetes aff. Hardrensis. Spirifer aff. clathratus. 



Cleiothyris glabr {striata. 



I also found there one or more species of Trilobites and a Fenestella. 

 The latter Dr. Vaughan recognises as present in his Tournaisian of the 

 Bristol area. I have it in my notes that a specimen of a Zaphrentoid 

 coral was found in these beds in my pi-esence. In the Summary of 

 Progress of the Geological Survey of the United Kingdom, 1900, 

 pp. 86-90, the position of these beds is discussed, and it is stated 

 that beds of similar lithological character with rotten stone and 

 Kadiolarian cherts occur in the north crop of the South Wales 

 Carboniferous basin as well as at Bishopton. Moreover, Dr. G. J. 

 Hinde is quoted (p. 89) as having found Eadiolaria and sponge 

 spicules in specimens both from Carmarthenshire and Glamorganshire. 



Further, Dr. Hinde says : " The character of the rock, the mode of 

 preservation of the Eadiolaria, and the forms themselves, are very 

 similar to what are found in the cherts with Eadiolaria from the 



Lower Culm of Devon and Cornwall And two of the 



Eadiolaria showing structure, Porodiscus and Carposphcera, are 

 identical species with those figured in the Culm cherts." 



There is therefore very strong evidence from Dr. Vaughan's own 

 standpoint that the Bishopton and Penwyllt beds are the equivalent 

 of the Coddon Hill Beds, and these beds overlie the thin-bedded 

 limestones of Oystermouth, which lie above the Oolitic beds of the 

 Carboniferous Limestone sequence. 



The Bishopton Beds underlie a series of black shales with 



Posidoniella Icevis. Gly2)hioceras diadema, 



Glyphioceras bilingue. 



specimens of which I obtained from the bed of a small stream 

 immediately north of the Bishopton Beds, a fauna never yet found 

 below beds with a Visean fauna. 



If the Bishopton Beds = Tournaisian, where are the representatives 

 of the Visean in South Wales? This question also is very pertinent 

 in the Coddon Hill district if Dr. Vaughan's views are correct. In 

 that area the researches of Mr. Newell Arber have conclusively 

 demonstrated that the Upper Culm beds are the homotaxial equiva- 

 lents of the Coal-measures, and he has rediscovered at Mouth Mill, 

 Clovelly, and Instow the fauna mentioned at p. 397 of my paper, 

 which indicate much lower beds. I regret I did not credit him with 

 that discovery in my paper, but I was unaware that this discovery 

 and rediscovery was entirely due to his work, and I take this, the 

 earliest opportunity, of acknowledging my indebtedness to him both 

 directly and indirectly. If Dr. Vaughan's contention is correct that 



