586 Dr. Wheelton Hind — Equivalents of the Culm. 



■Coddon Hill Beds are Tonrnaisian, then either there must be a great 

 unconformity between Coddon Hill and the Upper Culm, or the 

 Visean beds are represented by beds with a Millstone Grit and Coal- 

 measure fauna and flora. 



And yet another question may be asked — Has the fauna which 

 I consider to be typical of the Pendleside series ever been found in 

 beds of Tournaisian age ? This point Dr. Vaughan entirely ignores. 

 I am not aware that this has been the case, and hence another 

 difficulty in accepting Dr. Vaughan's views. 



We know that at Vise and Clavier, and Chokier, in Belgium, and 

 in Yorkshire, Derbyshire, Staffordshire, North Wales, and the West 

 of Ireland, the Pendleside fauna always succeeds a Visean fauna, 

 and never occurs below it, and I make this statement after personally 

 examining De Koninck's large collection of types in the Musee Royale 

 d'Histoire Naturelle at Brussels on many occasions, and many years 

 collecting in the Pennine area in England and in the west of Ireland. 



I knew that several similar species of Brachiopoda and Zaphrentis 

 occurred both at Coddon Hill and in the Pendle area, but I attached 

 no importance to them as indices of horizons, and did not quote them 

 because I knew the}' occurred at several horizons. I know of at 

 least three horizons several hundreds of feet apart in the Midlands 

 where Zaphrentoid corals occur abundantly, and to go into details 

 with regard to the Coddon Hill Brachiopoda : — 



Chonetes Laguessiana (I still prefer this name) occurs at many 

 horizons from the Calciferous Sandstone series up to the Gin Mine 

 coal, high up in the North Staffordshire Coalfield, being abundant 

 in beds about 2,000 or 3,000 feet below this coal in the Midlands. 



Leptena analoga has not such an extensive vertical distribution. 

 I do not know of this shell above the base of the Pendleside series, but 

 it also occurs very low down in the Carboniferous Limestone series. 



RJiipidomella JUichelini occnrs from the Calciferous Sandstone series 

 up to the base of the Millstone Grits. 



Cleiothjris glabristrlata, Phillips. — Davidson considered this species 

 to be the interior of Aihyris Royssii, and I am not aware that 

 Dr. Vaughan has yet published his views as to the rehabilitation of 

 this species. At any rate it occurs at Bishopton, and I know 

 of shells like the Bishopton specimen at several horizons. 



iSlJirifer aff. clailiratus. — This species must remain, for the present, 

 a doubtful one, as we are not yet aware on what grounds Dr. Vaughan 

 desires to re-establish the species. Davidson (Brit.Carb. Brachiopoda, 

 p. 21), discussing Spirifer striattis, says, "Professor M'Coy is also of 

 o])iniou that what he described in 1844 as Sp. clathrata must be 

 added to the list of synonyms." M'Coy's type has disappeared, and 

 he only gave a figure of the large or branchial valve without details 

 of beak or area. Also it would be important to know from what 

 locality the type came, and whereabouts in the Carboniferous series. 



Spirifer laminosa. — Tin's sliell is very common indeed in the 

 Redesdale ironstone, in tlie A«li('ell Beds south of Kirby Stephen, 

 and Dr. Vaughan recognises a specimen of mine which occurs with 

 a Vise fauna at Treycliff, Castleton. The Redesdale ironstone is 



