FOSSIL HUMAN REMAINS AT VERO, FLORIDA 23 



bones were broken is afforded by a fragment from the shaft of 

 a human limb bone, No. 6958. This piece of bone is broken with 

 a sharp fracture at each end. The breaks are old and were made 

 at the time that the bone was imbedded in the sand. The intimate 

 association of the human and other fossils is difficult to explain 

 except upon the recognition of their contemporaneity. The 

 human astragalus and cuneiform were separated by a space of 

 about 10 inches, and between them at the same level as the 

 astragalus was the scapula of a deer. Bones from the skeletons 

 of other animals were near by in the same stratum and have been 

 described in the writer's previous papers. 



In the number of bones that have been obtained representing 

 a single individual there is observed no important difference 

 between the human and the other animals. The most nearly 

 complete skeleton that has been obtained is that of an alligator. 

 The next largest number of bones found, about thirty or thirty- 

 five in number, from the skeleton of a single individual are those 

 of the extinct wolf, Canis ayersi. Among the most perfectly pre- 

 served individual bones that have been obtained from the deposit 

 are those of the bird, Jabiru? weillsi, the femur of a horse, the 

 lower jaw of Chlamytherium, and part of the skull and tusk of a 

 proboscidian. Entirely surpassing any of the human bones in 

 perfection of preservation is the skull of the extinct wolf and the 

 skull of the tapir. The tapir skull, so far as the writer has been 

 able to learn, is the first approximately complete skull of this 

 animal that has been obtained from the Pleistocene of North 

 America. 



The degree of mineralization of the human bones is identical 

 with that of the associated bones of the other animals, a fact that 

 has been brought out in the papers previously published by the 

 writer. The spall found in place in this stratum, as well as the 

 several other flints obtained from sif tings, is totally unlike any 

 flint pebbles in the deposit. The reasonable explanation of the 

 presence of these spalls in this stratum is that they washed in from 

 the near-by land surface, together with the other materials of the 

 deposit. In other words, they pertain to the Pleistocene period 

 and were washed into the deposit at that time. The bone 



