NOTES ON THE igi6 ERUPTION OF MAUN A LOA 329 



sixty miles — and back again, arriving at the observatory at about 

 6:45 a.m., May 22. West of the village of Waiohinu several stops 

 were made, both going and returning, to observe and photograph. 

 All along the way from the observatory to the turning-point, and 

 back again, a gradual and steady increase was noted in the height, 

 amount, and spread of the fumes; and, until dawn, in the brilliancy 

 of the illumination at the fountainhead. A well-defined northwest 

 drift of the fumes in the upper strata of the air gradually developed. 



From the upland flats along the road near Kahuku, and points 

 to the westward, a long line of faint reddish illumination was seen 

 extending to the right from the fountainhead. The course of this 

 was judged to be about south-southeast from the source. At first 

 it was considered to be light from the surface of a pool, but as it 

 elongated rapidly it was soon thought to be a line of illumination 

 above a flowing stream. This opinion was confirmed by a visit to 

 this flow made later in the day by Messrs. J. W. Waldron and 

 T. Hardy. 



At about 4:00 a.m., May 22, we met Mr. Samuel Kauhane at 

 the roadside gate of the ranch house at Kahuku — a man to whom 

 the south slope of Loa was well known — and he expressed the 

 opinion that the outbreak was higher up the mountain than the 

 group of old cones at Puu o Keokeo. This proved to be the case. 



Upon our return to the observatory a photograph (Plate III, b) 

 was made at 8:30 a.m. (as early as weather conditions would 

 permit) , to show the position and development of the fume column 

 and crown rising above the fountainhead. This view should be 

 compared with Plate II, a to gain an understanding of how much 

 lower down the mountain than the place of earlier outbreak the 

 place of later outbreak is situated. The true azimuth from the 

 observatory of the apparent center of this fume column at the 

 source was found to be about S. 66° W. (the azimuths of the upper 

 and lower limits of the greater column of the earlier outbursts 

 were approximately S. 82 30' W. and S. 85 30' W.). This azimuth, 

 projected upon the government map, indicated a source low on the 

 southwest flank of the mountain, and, assuming this source to lie 

 in the line of the south-southwest rifting from summit to sea, it 

 was near the line of the upper branch of the flow of 1907 at an 



