-33° HARRY 0. WOOD 



altitude of 6,500 feet — as shown approximately on the government 

 map — a little above Puu o Keokeo. This location was confirmed 

 by field survey, though multiple mouths were found along a linear 

 rift at the source, and the altitude was found to be a little higher 

 than 6,500 feet at the lowest point of the actual source. The 

 region of the fountainhead thus is between 30 and 35 miles west- 

 southwest from the observatory. 



In contrast to this, the region of the earlier outburst, deter- 

 mined by projecting the azimuths given above, is intercepted along 

 the course of the great rift-line between approximate contour lines 

 drawn on the government map, as follows: the upper and lower 

 limits of the great trunk column of uprushing fumes are thus 

 indicated at about 11,600 and 11,000 feet above sea, and the 

 diameter of the column is thus indicated at considerably over a 

 mile ; similarly, the approximate upper and lower limits of the span 

 marked by subordinate sporadic columns of rising fumes may be 

 taken as 12,000+ and 10,000— feet, determining the width of this 

 at five miles, or more. All these are approximate values. Never- 

 theless, this source is thus found to stand higher up the mountain 

 than the early estimates placed it. 



In the late afternoon of the first day of eruption, May 22, the 

 writer returned to the southern part of the island, and spent the 

 evening and night in observing the changes in the magnificent 

 illumination from places along the road over the upland flats west 

 of Kahuku. This locality was reached just at nightfall; it was 

 then cloudy, with brief showers; however, before long the clouds 

 lifted, though they continued to cover the sky. Little by little 

 the character and extent of the illumination became visible. 



Since the dark hours of the morning a great change had taken 

 place. At the fountainhead both the action and the illumination 

 were somewhat greater than when last seen in the early morning, 

 but here the change was least. The faint red illumination extending 

 toward the right (toward Waiohinu over upland Kahuku) had died 

 out. But toward the left, toward Kona, a long line of brilliantly 

 illuminated fume and cloud demarked the course of a flow which 

 had rushed down the mountain toward Honomalino. In early 

 evening this was still advancing at a considerable rate. The 



