468 HARRY 0. WOOD 



the flows of 1868 and 1887. At 10:30 a.m. we reached the southern- 

 most "toe" of the front of the Kahuku branch of the 1916 flow. 

 Here we turned off to the right to pass around this flow and up on 

 the east and north of it. We followed an upland trail toward 

 Kapapala until we came into a Kipuka, a long, narrow strip of 

 forest land extending up the mountain between two barren streams 

 of a-a, known by the name Kipuka Akala. At the lower end of 

 this we left our horses. We reached it shortly before noon, and 

 at noon we set out on foot up the mountain, taking a northwest 

 course toward the general source of the new flow, north of the con- 

 spicuous cluster of cinder cones marked Puu o Keokeo on the 

 government map. (There is dispute as to whether this name is 

 correctly applied to this group of cones, but there is no doubt that 

 the members of the group so mapped were those identified.) 



As we planned to spend the night near the source we were 

 necessarily laden with food, water, photographic equipment, etc., 

 and blankets or extra clothing — a moderate load for each man. 

 For about an hour we made our way upward alongside the strip of 

 forest, but walking in the open chiefly over old a-a. At about 

 1 :oo p.m. we came out onto a barren, complex network of a-a flows 

 of varying direction and age — much of this apparently of 1907 

 date — and over this very difficult surface we clambered until a 

 little after 5:00 p.m. We then had reached an old cinder cone 

 situated between two and three miles from Puu o Keokeo in a 

 direction a trifle east of north. This cone was about a quarter of 

 a mile east from the rift-line source of the 19 16 flow described below. 

 We had not reached the upper limit of this source, which had been 

 our goal, but it became impracticable to go on farther. Here we 

 stationed ourselves in the lee of this old cinder cone and passed 

 the night, practically all of which the writer devoted to observation 

 of the action and conditions along the visible length of the rift 

 source. 



At 4:50 a.m. on May 31 we began the descent. At 9:40 a.m. 

 the horses were reached, and at 10:15 A - M - we started on our way 

 to Puu o Keokeo, going around the southern end of the Kahuku 

 branches of the flow and up on the western side of them. By noon 

 we reached a flat clearing, where we dropped our camp equipment 



