NOTES ON THE IQ16 ERUPTION OF MAUN A LOA 469 



and immediately proceeded upward on horseback to a point very- 

 near to Pim o Keokeo, on a low ridge of ancient pahoehoe which 

 extends a short distance eastward from the conspicuous cluster of 

 cinder cones. In clear weather this slight eminence affords an 

 expansive view to northward, and much wider views can be obtained 

 from the summits of the cones near by. On this occasion we 

 obtained only partial views through driving fog and clouds, and in 

 brief clear spells between small local showers. We reached this 

 point of outlook at 2:20 p.m. It was impracticable to keep horses 

 here overnight, and unnecessarily uncomfortable to remain our- 

 selves without camp equipment in such unsettled weather, espe- 

 cially as our hasty reconnaissance was completed, so we began our 

 descent at 2:35 p.m., and returned on horseback to Waiohinu, 

 which we reached at 8:30 p.m. We returned to the observatory 

 the next day. 



Thus we passed completely around the Kahuku branches of 

 the new flow, except for their breadth near the source. In this 

 way, especially on the foot journey, and also from the ridge near 

 Puu o Keokeo, a good general survey was obtained of conditions 

 along these and near their source; and in limited localities, particu- 

 larly those encountered on foot along the eastern side of them, 

 many matters of detail were observed. Conditions of the traveling, 

 distance, and weather prevented examination of the upper limits of 

 the source, of the action and conditions on the sides toward Kona, 

 and the making of photographic records. 



GEOGRAPHICAL NOTES 



The closely grouped cluster of old cinder cones, named Puu o 

 Keokeo on the government map, of which the highest point is 

 6,870 feet above sea-level, forms a low but conspicuous landmark 

 on the south-southwest flank of Mauna Loa. Extending east- 

 southeastward from this for a half-mile or less is a low ridge of 

 ancient pahoehoe rising from 30 to 50 feet above the surrounding 

 country. 



A long narrow belt marked and characterized by many cinder 

 cones (double semicones built by spatter outfall on both sides of 

 open rift cracks in parallel linear arrangements) leads upward in a 



