474 HARRY 0. WOOD 



the time exaggerated estimates were made of the distance of this 

 cone, and therefore of its height, the height of projection, and the 

 sizes of the projected masses. Drifting fog and fumes gave a 

 greatly lengthened perspective effect. Afterward the cone was 

 visited and found to be distant about one-third of a mile from this 

 bivouac, and to be about 30 feet in height. Whence the height of 

 projection of the molten lumps, at highest, was about 45 feet above 

 the apex of the cone, or 75 feet above its base. No large cinder 

 lumps were found about it. Though the cone was situated across 

 the wind from us, a steady, gentle drift of air, loud, staccato, 

 explosive booms could be heard occasionally accompanying the 

 projection of the larger masses. This cone was the most spectacu- 

 lar remaining center of activity of any which came within our range 

 of vision. On the southwest side of it there was an intermittent 

 illumination of the thin fumes, of a sort which suggested outflow of 

 lava coursing away in the southwest direction. However, the later 

 visit determined that this was a spatter cone higher up the rift 

 than the head of flow, and that any flowing from it was very local 

 and confined within a very small area. 



Farther north was seen a glowing orifice like an oven which prob- 

 ably was a gash in a quiet cone. Still a little farther up, rising 

 fumes were seen, but these showed no illumination at night. After 

 darkness fell, nine places altogether were distinguished where rising 

 fumes were illuminated. All of these but one were aligned along 

 the rift crack northward from the chief vent at the northeast base 

 of Puu o Keokeo. The other was the oven, situated a little way 

 to the northeast of this chief vent. 



Small quantities of new basaltic pumice, yellow in color, usually 

 in elongate stringers, were found in close proximity to the rift 

 source near its head at the east. 



THE KAHUKU BRANCHES 



The Kahuku branches of the 19 16 flow run in southeast and 

 south-southeast directions from points along the rift source begin- 

 ning at the base of Puu o Keokeo and extending northward for 

 more than a mile. On our foot journey, on May 30, from 3 :oo p.m. 

 on we kept encountering little fuming areas lying to the south of 



