700 



E. S. MOORE 



The writer was unable to reach the lake on the date of his visit in 

 October, 19 14, owing to the steepness of the ice walls between the 

 point where he reached the crater and the location of the lake, and 

 from the brink of the crater no sign of it could be seen in the snow 

 field within the crater. 



The sides of the cone are covered with masses of andesite from 

 the disintegrated lava flows and with fragments of large bombs. 

 In some cases columnar structure is well developed in these flows. 



Fig. 4. — Bread-crust structure in a portion of a large bomb near the foot of 

 Ruapehu. 



In a fragment of a large bomb lying near the foot of the mountain 

 and almost buried in the snow and cinders, an excellent example of 

 bread-crust structure was found (Fig. 4). Small glaciers hang on 

 the cone, extending, in some cases, as low as 2,000 feet below the 

 crater rim. 



Ngauruhoe. — This is a beautiful and symmetrical cone resting 

 on an upland base which was probably largely developed by 

 Tongariro before Ngauruhoe was of much importance. The 

 elevation of this mountain is placed at 7,481 feet by S. P. Smith, 

 and at 7,515 feet by Marshall. It is made up of a base of andesite 

 flows on which rests the cone, consisting of alternating lava flows 



