702 E. S. MOORE 



may be seen on the east side of the cone (Fig. 7). These are found, 

 on close examination, to be due to the viscous lava piling up and 

 becoming brecciated in movement, so as to resemble a bed of tuff 

 and agglomerate. 



There was considerable snow and ice on the mountain when 

 the writer visited it in the spring season, early in October, but this 

 disappears in the summer and no glaciers remain here, as on 

 Ruapehu. 



Fig. 7. — Apparent splitting of lava flows. This seems to be due to the viscous 

 lava becoming brecciated in movement so that it resembles tuff and agglomerate. 

 The liquid lava then flows over the fractured layer. 



The crater may be entered on the north side, where the rim is 

 broken away and it is comparatively level on the bottom except 

 for two mud volcanoes on the floor and a deep depression on the 

 west side, the depth of which cannot be estimated since it is always 

 full of fumes. The diameter of the main crater is about 500 feet 

 and the height of the perpendicular walls on three sides of it was 

 estimated at 200 feet in the higher portions. In the small crater 

 there is a great deal of activity. Large clouds of steam mingled 

 with sulphur dioxide rise continuously, and at times detonations 

 like the crack of heavy rifle-fire may be heard. Considerable dust 

 is intermittently shot up from this crater and, as seen from Fig. 8, 



