UPPER PALEOZOIC FORMATIONS OF KANSAS 709 



Neva limesto?ie. — This formation consists of a massive bluish- 

 gray limestone or of a lower and upper massive limestone, each 

 one a little over four feet in thickness, separated by two feet of 

 shales, with a total thickness of about ten feet. The limestone, 

 forming frequent ledges seven feet or more in thickness, breaks 

 off in large blocks with sharp angles and a rough, jagged surface, 

 weathering to a color not dissimilar to that of bleached bones. 

 It was noted by Swallow in 1866 1 and represents the upper 

 stratum of Haworth and Kirk's "limestone system No. 12," 2 to 

 which " system " Kirk later apparently applied the name " Dunlap 

 limestone." 3 The limestone is finely exposed in the anticlinal 

 fold to the northeast of Neva, a station on the Atchison, Topeka 

 & Santa Fe railroad near the junction of the Diamond Creek 

 and Cottonwood River valleys, hence its name. 



Eskridsre shales. — Between the Neva and the next higher 

 massive limestone is a mass of shales, with perhaps some thin 

 limestone layers, varying from thirty to forty feet in thickness. 

 The shales are of greenish, chocolate, and yellowish color, and 

 usually form covered slopes between the two conspicuous limiting 

 limestones. They form the upper division of the Wabaunsee 

 stage, and are named from the exposures in the vicinity of 

 Eskridge, Wabaunsee county. 



COUNCIL GROVE STAGE. 



In my original description of these formations the line of 

 separation between the Upper Coal-measures and Permian was 

 doubtfully drawn between the Cottonwood and Neosho forma- 

 tions ; 4 while the Permian appeared as a series of the Carbon- 

 iferous, in accordance with the usage of the United States Geol- 

 ogical Survey. 5 Since then Dr. Freeh has reviewed this classifi- 

 cation and drawn the lower line of the lower Dyas (Permian) 

 at the base of the Chase stage, while it is stated that the Neosho 

 is a transition to the Carboniferous, and a distinct line fails. 6 



1 Prelim. Rept. Geo/. Surv. Kan., p. 16, Nos. 82-4. 



2 Kan. Univ. Quart., Vol. II, 1894, P- II2 - 



3 Univ. Geo/. Surv. Kan., Vol. I, 1896, p. 81. 

 4 Jour. Geol., Vol. Ill, 1895, p. 800. 



5 See Ibid., p. 796, f. n. 6 Lethaea pa/aeozoica, Bd. II, 2 Lief., 1899, p. 378. 



