UPPER PALEOZOIC FORMATIONS OF KANSAS 713 



contain an abundant Lamellibranch fauna, and the entire fauna 

 is thought to be a mixture of species found in the western Coal- 

 measures, together with others occurring in the division gener- 

 ally termed the Permian or the Permo-Carboniferous. This 

 member was originally termed the Neosho formation from the 

 excellent outcrops in the Neosho valley near Council Grove. 1 

 The Florena shales and Neosho member are now united to form 

 the Garrison formation, so named on account of the good expo- 

 sures from Garrison south in the Big Blue valley. 



CHASE STAGE. 



As in the case of the Wabaunsee, it has been found advisable 

 for mapping to divide this stage, which was formerly called the 

 Chase formation, into several formations, which are described in 

 ascending order. These subdivisions of the Wabaunsee and 

 Chase stages are sufficiently definite lithologic divisions to be 

 traced across the Cottonwood Falls quadrangle, andsome distance 

 to the north and south, and therefore can be mapped. It does not 

 appear to the writer, however, that these divisions are entitled to 

 the rank of a stage, and he would term them substages. If we 

 consider the well-known Hamilton division a stage of the New 

 York Devonian, then it would appear that these divisions corre- 

 spond more nearly to the Moscow shales, Encrinal limestone, 

 Ludlowville shales, and other subdivisions of that stage, than to 

 the entire Hamilton. 



Wreford limestone. — This formation is composed of limestone 

 and chert, or flint as it is popularly termed throughout the Flint 

 Hills region, and varies in thickness from thirty-five to fifty feet. 

 In general it is composed of three strata, a cherty limestone 

 below and above, separated by a heavy limestone nearly free 

 from chert. The rock is buff in color, often weathering 

 much lighter, and forms the first conspicuous flint terrace above 

 the Alma limestone. It is quite extensively quarried and 

 used for construction stone or crushed for railroad ballast. It 

 was called the Strong flint in 1895, 2 Du ^ * s now known to be 

 the equivalent of the Wreford limestone, which was named by 



1 Jour. Geol.. Vol. Ill, 1895, p. 764. 2 Jour. Geol., Vol. Ill, p. 773. 



