H. B. Woodicard—The JFestieion Beds. 29 



At Pakefield gap the Boulder-clay is well seen occupying a 

 hollow above the Middle Glacial sand, which contains occasional 

 seams of shingle. Further on, towards Lowestoft, near the Grand 

 Hotel at Kirkley, the cliff shows the sands with shingle dovetailing 

 into it, and forming the mass of the cliff to a height of 15 feet. 

 Below the Grand Hotel a similar section, for the most part shingle, 

 is to be seen. 



Here we have conclusive evidence that the Middle Glacial sands 

 are replaced by shingle identical in character with the Westleton 

 Beds of Westleton. The occurrence of this pebble-bed in the 

 Middle Glacial sand was noted by J. H. Blake, but its significance 

 was not pointed out.' 



Again, a large gravel-pit east of Oulton Broad (formerly Mutford) 

 Station shows about 40 feet of white and buff sands passing down 

 into a mass of shingle, with the sand dovetailing into it as in the cliff 

 at Kirkley. 



In the country to the north, between Lowestoft and Loddon, 

 Eeedham and Gorleston, there are other sections, as at Thorpe-next- 

 Haddiscoe, which furnish similar evidence.^ 



In this region we are also brought into contact with a newer 

 pebbly gravel, which has been largely derived fx'om the Middle 

 Glacial shingle-beds. It is on the whole coarser and more inter- 

 mixed with angular and subangular flints than the local shingle- 

 beds of Oulton, Kirkley, Halesworth, and Westleton ; but very 

 different from the boulder or ' cannon-shot ' gravel of Mousehold, 

 near Norwich. It, however, forms a portion of the "plateau gravel, 

 sand, and loam " mapped and described by J. H. Blake as newer 

 than the Chalky Boulder-clay.^ It is interesting and at times 

 perplexing. Sections along the new Yarmouth and Lowestoft 

 direct railway north-west of Belle Vue Park, Lowestoft, and in the 

 Oulton pit (before mentioned), show masses of this rather coarse 

 pebbly gravel resting in places with apparent conformity, and 

 elsewhere with marked irregularity, on the Middle Glacial sands 

 and gravels. There would, however, be no justification in making 

 a distinction were it not the fact that the coarser gravel does extend 

 over the Chalky Boulder-clay, as may be observed in a large sand- 

 pit east of Burton Cottages on the western side of Lowestoft. 



Above Normanston, at the brickworks along Woods Loke, west 

 of St. Margaret's Church, Lowestoft, the Boulder-clay is overlain 

 by a bed of brown laminated carbonaceous loam, somewhat disturbed 

 in places, and with pockets of sand and gravel. The loamy bed 

 may perhaps be compared with the lacustrine bed at South Elmham 

 described by Mr. C. Candler ; * at any rate, it appears to mark 

 a stage prior to the accumulation of the Plateau gravel, which rests 

 irregularly on any of the older drifts. 



1 " Geology of Yarmoutli and Lowestoft" (Gaol. Survey), i890, p. 38. 



2 Geol. Mag., 1882, p. 455 ; see also J. H. Blalce, Geol. Yarmouth and 

 Lowestoft, pp. 43, 44, etc. 



^ Geol. Yarmouth and Lowestoft, pp. 5, 44, 57, 61. 

 * Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc, vol. xlv, p. 504. 



