84 Reports and Proceedings — Geological Society of London. 



Tweed Valley, and driven southward round the Cheviots by the 

 pressure of the third, or Scandinavian, ice-mass. The general 

 order of events is supposed to have been — (1) the unobstructed 

 passage of the Teesdale glacier to the coast ; (2) the arrival of the 

 Scandinavian ice ; and (3) the invasion of the Scottish ice. 



The first of the extra-morainic lakes described is that of the Vale 

 of Pickering, the lowest of the sequence, which for a long period 

 received all the drainage of the district except that of the western 

 margin, and the outflow from which into Lake Humber was that 

 now occupied by the River Derwent. Newton Dale was the outflow 

 of the lake-series of the Eskdale country. The Eskdale system 

 comprises a series of lakes connected by an ' aligned sequence ' of 

 overflows ; and here it is possible to trace the consequences of the 

 shrinkage of the ice-masses and to follow out the low-level phases 

 of the lake. The ice pressing upon the northern face of the Cleve- 

 land Hills gave rise to a series of lakelets, connected with which are 

 the following set of overflows : — Scugdale and Scarth Nick, Bilsdale, 

 Kildale, Ewe Crag Beck, Tranmire, and Egton Moor. Iburndale 

 contained a lakelet overflowing eastward. Behind a narrow coast-strip 

 of country, extending from Robin Hood's Bay to Hunmanby, there 

 runs a gorge which receives all the drainage of the ' hinterland ' 

 and carries it into the Vale of Pickering. In the productioti of this 

 arrangement the effects of an ice-sheet shutting the seaward ends 

 of the valleys is traceable ; the position of the main overflows was 

 stable, and the drainage was permanently deflected. 



In dealing with the sequence of the ice-movements, evidence is 

 brought forward to prove that the Teesdale ice was the first on the 

 ground in question, but none of the lake phenomena have been 

 correlated with this first phase. The second phase was the complete 

 diversion of this ice into the Vale of York, brought about by the 

 growth of the Scandinavian ice-sheet. The third is the invasion of 

 Scottish-Northumbrian ice, which may have passed out to sea and 

 been driven inland again, carrying flints and smashed sea-shells 

 with it, and may have extended as far as Lincolnshire on the south 

 and Whorlton on the west. 



2. " The Glaciation of Teesdale, Weardale, and the Tyne Valley, 

 and their Tributary Valleys." By Arthur R. Dwerryhouse, Esq., 

 B.Sc, F.G.S. 



After an account of the topographical solid geology of Teesdale, 

 the author describes the four distinct types of Drift in the area as 

 follows : — 



(a) A sandy reddish-brown clay, with a large number of well-scratched stones. 

 {b) A black loamy or peaty clay. 



(c) A coarse gravelly deposit, with many water-worn and a few scratched stones. 



[d) A stiff blue Boulder -clay. 



The first class is the most widely distributed ; it occurs in elongated 

 ridges, and is the direct product of ice-action on the rocks of the 

 upper part of the Dale. The black loamy claj'^ is characteristic of 

 areas occupied by ice-dammed lakes. The third class occurs in 

 long esker-like ridges, and is particularly plentiful in the country 



