176 Reviews — F, Chapman's Foraminifera, 



of Sherborn and Tutkowski's Bibliographies under subjects, e.g.,. 

 biology, shell morphology, classifications, technical, genera or special 

 groups, special geological faunas, and recent faunas. 



Starting with introductory remarks on the nature and occurrence 

 of Foraminifera, their importance to the zoologist and geologist, 

 structure, classification, and position of the group, he next deals 

 with the shell-structure, reproduction, and plan of growth, gives 

 a general sketch of the ideas of the early authors, and then devotes 

 a chapter to each family. The various genera are defined, and 

 a specific example is quoted and figured in outline ; the geological- 

 range of the genus is given, and some general remarks accompany 

 the species. It would have been useful if Mr. Chapman had always 

 noted the original type-species of the genus, as well as what in his^ 

 opinion is the typical form. But nowadays, there are many who 

 regard an original type as of mere archeeological interest, and those 

 curious on either side can easily find out for themselves. 



Following on with the geological I'ange of the Foraminifera, we 

 find an interesting sketch of this part of the subject, in which 

 Mr. Chapman dismisses the useful Eozoon, the supposed organic origin, 

 of which gave rise to so much valuable research in microscopy, 

 and casts well-founded doubts on the supposed pre-Cambrian bodies 

 described as Foraminifera by Cayeux. Coming to Cambrian times, 

 Chapman recalls many finds in beds of this age, both at home and 

 abroad, and from that period onwards the Foraminifei'a have been 

 rock-builders on a large, sometimes a gigantic scale. One need 

 only instance the Saccnmmina and Fusulina Limestones of Car- 

 boniferous times, and the Nuramulitic, Orbitoidal, and Alveolina' 

 Limestones of the Tertiary period. 



Chapter xviii deals with tlie "geographical distribution, with 

 remarks on the accompanying conditions of temperature, depth, 

 and general environment," in which the various oceanic deposits 

 are discussed. And chapter xix treats of the "collection, examina- 

 tion, and mounting of Foraminifera." The bibliography of subjects, 

 concluding the volume, we have already alluded to. 



The book is illustrated by fifteen plates, fourteen of which contain 

 outline sketches of the typical forms of the various genera, and the 

 odd one is a view of Dog's Bay, Galway, from one of Mr. Welch's 

 well-known photographs. The outline sketches are, on the whole, 

 sufficient for the purpose required, most of them being exceedingly 

 characteristic. Forty-two other illustrations are given in the text, 

 many of them being original ; these include rock-sections, structures, 

 apparatus, etc., and considerably enhance the value of the book. 

 The author's style is clear and concise, and the descriptions of the 

 genera give in as few words as possible just what is wanted. The 

 book will find ready acceptance from a large body of students, and 

 Mr. Chapman may be congratulated on opening his colonial career 

 so auspiciously. The dedication to Professor Eupert Jones is par- 

 ticularly happy, and there is a pleasing reference to Professor Judd, 

 whose laboratory afi"orded the author rich opportunities for work on. 

 this group of animals for many years. G. D. S. 



