492 i?. /. Pocock — On Eophrymis cmd Allied Arachnida. 



a?. Carapace with its posterior horizontal area short, the median muscular fovea 

 forming an angular notch in the posterior border of the elevated area. 



JEiophrynus, Woodw. 



5*. Carapace with its posterior horizontal area relatively long, the median muscular 

 fovea forming a deep longitudinal groove extending forwards past the 

 middle of the median elevation Kreischeria, Gein. 



With the genus AntJiracomartus it is needless here to deal. So 

 far as I know, it chiefly differs from Sophrynus and KreiscJieria in the 

 structure of the carapace, which, instead of being mesially elevated 

 and laterally horizontal and grooved, has a flattened or slightly 

 convex undifferentiated dorsal surface. A pair of small median, 

 eyes has been detected by Ammon in A. palatinus. 



3. Taxonomy of the Anthraoomaeti. 



Of the various attempts that have been made to classify these 

 Carboniferous Arachnida and to give them their true position in 

 the class to which they belong, Haase's is unquestionably the most 

 successful. 



Scudder included such heterogeneous elements under the Anthraco- 

 marti that no satisfactory definition of the order was possible. 

 Moreover, he severed AntJiracomartus from Eophrynus and KreiscJieria, 

 classifying it with GerapJirynus and ArcJiitarhus under the Archi- 

 tarbidee, and thus failed in his diagnosis of both families. Haase, 

 on the contrary, recognized the close relationship between EopJirynus, 

 KreiscJieria, and AntJiracomartus, and rightly restricted the term 

 Anthracomarti to these three genera. 



His appreciation also of the affinities between the Anthracomarti 

 and recent Opiliones was a great advance in the taxonomy of fossil 

 Arachnida. It may be doubted, however, whether his classification of 

 the Opiliones into the four suborders Phalangiotarbi, Anthracomarti, 

 Laniatores, and Palpatores is one that represents in a true light 

 the affinities between the forms included. On the position of 

 Phalangiotarbi I do not wish to give an opinion until an examination 

 of the fossil is possible ; but it seems to me that what we now know 

 of the Anthracomarti justifies the conclusion that if this group be 

 included in the Opiliones it must be given a rank equivalent to 

 the Laniatores, Palpatores, and Anepignathi or Cyphophthalmi — 

 the Opiliones veri — taken together. These three suborders are 

 distinguished by the sum of a number of characters, many of which, 

 such as the armature of the palpi, the numbers of claws on the 

 legs, etc., admit of exceptions, and no one of which is perhaps 

 in itself of subordinal value. On the other hand, they resemble 

 each other and differ from the Anthracomarti in certain structural 

 features of sufficient taxonomic importance to admit of their 

 association in one group, which may be termed the Phalangiomorpti^, 

 equivalent to the Anthracomarti. 



The two may be distinguished as follows : — 



a. The prosoma and opisthosoma not immovably welded together, but freely articulatec^ 

 to one another, as in all the primitive types of Ai-achnida. The segments of 

 the opisthosoma also apparently jointed by flexible arthrodial membrane. The 

 lateral margins of the terga produced into large laminae, secondaiily divided by 

 a joint-forming sulcus from the central portion of the somite. Basal segments 



